(532037) 2013 FY₂₇ is a trans-Neptunian object and binary system that belongs to the scattered disc (like Eris).[8] Its discovery was announced on 31 March 2014.[1] It has an absolute magnitude (H) of 3.2.[3] 2013 FY₂₇ is a binary object, with two components approximately 740 kilometres (460 mi) and 190 kilometres (120 mi) in diameter. It is the ninth-intrinsically-brightest known trans-Neptunian object,[9] and is approximately tied with 2002 AW197 and 2002 MS4 (to within measurement uncertainties) as the largest unnamed object in the Solar System.

(532037) 2013 FY₂₇

2013 FY27 and its satellite, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope on 15 January 2018
Discovery[1]
Discovered by	Scott Sheppard Chad Trujillo (obs. 807)
Discovery date	17 March 2013 (announced on 31 March 2014)
Designations
MPC designation	2013 FY27
Minor planet category	TNO SDO[2]
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2458900.5)
Uncertainty parameter 4
Observation arc	2585 days (7.08 yr)
Earliest precovery date	15 March 2011 (Pan-STARRS)
Aphelion	82.07455 AU (12.278178 Tm)
Perihelion	35.24656 AU (5.272810 Tm)
Semi-major axis	58.66055 AU (8.775493 Tm)
Eccentricity	0.39914
Orbital period (sidereal)	449.29 yr (164,103 d)
Mean anomaly	214.95673° (M)
Mean motion	0° 0m 7.897s /day
Inclination	33.1626°
Longitude of ascending node	187.0246°
Time of perihelion	≈ November 2202[4] ±4 months
Argument of perihelion	139.0775°
Known satellites	1[5][6][7]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	765+80 −85 km (effective diameter)[5] 742+78 −83 km (primary)[lower-alpha 1][5]
Geometric albedo	0.170+0.045 −0.030[5]
Spectral type	moderately red V–R = 0.56±0.03 R–I = 0.52±0.03[5]
Apparent magnitude	22.1
Absolute magnitude (H)	3.2 (JPL/MPC)[3] 3.15±0.03 (Sheppard)[5]

Orbit

2013 FY₂₇ orbits the Sun once every 449 years. It will come to perihelion around November 2202,[4][lower-alpha 2] at a distance of about 35.6 AU. It is currently near aphelion, 80 AU from the Sun, and, as a result, it has an apparent magnitude of 22.[1] Its orbit has a significant inclination of 33°.[3] The sednoid 2012 VP113 and the scattered-disc object 2013 FZ27 were discovered by the same survey as 2013 FY₂₇ and were announced within about a week of one another.

Physical properties

2013 FY₂₇ has a diameter of about 740 kilometres (460 mi), placing it at a transition zone between medium-sized and large TNOs. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Magellan Telescopes, its albedo was found to be 0.17, and its colour to be moderately red. 2013 FY₂₇ is one of the largest moderately red TNOs. The physical processes that lead to a lack of such moderately red TNOs larger than 800 kilometres (500 mi) are not yet well understood.

The brightness of 2013 FY₂₇ varies by less than 0.06 mag over hours and days, suggesting that it either has a very long rotation period, an approximately spheroidal shape, or a rotation axis pointing towards Earth.[5]

Brown estimated, prior to the discovery of its satellite, that 2013 FY₂₇ was very likely to be a dwarf planet, due to its large size.[10] However, Grundy et al. calculate that bodies such as 2013 FY₂₇, less than about 1000 km in diameter, with albedos less than ≈0.2 and densities of ≈1.2 g/cm³ or less, may retain a degree of porosity in their physical structure, having never collapsed into fully solid bodies.[11]

Satellite

Using Hubble Space Telescope observations taken in January 2018, Scott Sheppard found a satellite around 2013 FY₂₇, 0.17 arcseconds away and 3.0±0.2 mag fainter than the primary. The discovery was announced on 10 August 2018.[12] Assuming the two components have equal albedos, they are about 740 kilometres (460 mi) and 190 kilometres (120 mi) in diameter, respectively.[5] Follow up observations were taken between May and July 2018 in order to determine the orbit of the satellite,[6] but the results of those observations have not yet been released. Once the orbit is known, the mass of the system can be determined.

See also

• List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun
• List of Solar System objects by size

Notes

References

External links

• 2013 FY27, Minor planets with Satellites Database, Johnston's Archive
• Celestia Files of the recent Dwarf Planet finds (Ian Musgrave: 6 April 2014)
• Gaggle of dwarf planets found by dark energy camera (Aviva Rutkin: 2 April 2014)
• (532037) 2013 FY27 at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
• (532037) 2013 FY27 at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

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