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1294 Antwerpia (prov. designation: 1933 UB1) is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 24 October 1933, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[3] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 6.6 hours and measures approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Belgian city of Antwerp.[2]

1294 Antwerpia
Shape model of Antwerpia from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byE. Delporte
Discovery siteUccle Obs.
Discovery date24 October 1933
Designations
MPC designation
(1294) Antwerpia
Named after
Antwerp (Belgian city)[2]
Alternative designations
1933 UB1 · 1930 AF
1932 LC · 1964 VA2
1964 XF · A917 DB
Minor planet category
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.63 yr (36,391 days)
Aphelion3.3156 AU
Perihelion2.0572 AU
Semi-major axis
2.6864 AU
Eccentricity0.2342
Orbital period (sidereal)
4.40 yr (1,608 days)
Mean anomaly
16.166°
Mean motion
0° 13m 25.68s / day
Inclination8.7271°
Longitude of ascending node
81.133°
Argument of perihelion
313.22°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
27.82±7.33 km[6]
34.71±3.0 km[7]
34.80±0.66 km[8]
37.199±0.134 km[9]
40.717±0.350 km[10]
Synodic rotation period
6.63±0.01 h[11][12]
Pole ecliptic latitude
  • (128.0°, −66.0°) (λ1/β1)[5]
  • (246.0°, −76.0°) (λ2/β2)[5]
Geometric albedo
0.0887±0.0283[10]
0.10±0.09[6]
0.117±0.024[9]
0.1220±0.024[7]
0.125±0.005[8]
Spectral type
Absolute magnitude (H)
10.20[7][8][10] · 10.549±0.003 (R)[14] · 10.60[6] · 10.7[1][11]

    Orbit and classification


    Antwerpia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the central main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,608 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] the asteroid was first observed as A917 DB at Heidelberg Observatory in February 2017, where the body's observation arc begins one month later in March 1917.[3]


    Naming


    This minor planet was named after the city of Antwerp in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 118).[2]


    Physical characteristics


    In the SMASS classification, Antwerpia is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[1] It is also a C-type in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2).[5][13]


    Rotation period and poles


    Several rotational lightcurves of Antwerpia have been obtained from photometric observations since 2005. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.63 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42 magnitude (U=1/3/3-/3-/3/2).[15][16][17][14][18][12][lower-alpha 1]

    A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 6.62521 hours (U=n.a.), as well as two spin axis of (128.0°, −66.0°) and (246.0°, −76.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[19]


    Diameter and albedo


    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Antwerpia measures between 27.82 and 40.717 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0887 and 0.125.[6][7][8][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0783 and a diameter of 34.40 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.7.[11]


    Notes


    1. Lightcurve plot of (1297) Quadea with a rotation period 6.62 hours and a brightness amplitude of 0.42 mag. Quality Code of 3. Taken by Robert Stephens (2014) at U81/CS3. Summary figures at LCDB

    References


    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)" (2016-11-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1294) Antwerpia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 106. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1295. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    10. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    11. "LCDB Data for (1294) Antwerpia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    12. Lecrone, Crystal; Addleman, Don; Butler, Thomas; Hudson, Erin; Mulvihill, Alex; Reichert, Chris; et al. (September 2005). "2004-2005 winter observing campaign at Rose-Hulman Institute: results for 1098 Hakone, 1182 Ilona, 1294 Antwerpia, 1450 Raimonda, 2251 Tikhov, and 2365 Interkosmos" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 32 (3): 46–48. Bibcode:2005MPBu...32...46L. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    13. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    14. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    15. Almeida, R.; Angeli, C. A.; Duffard, R.; Lazzaro, D. (February 2004). "Rotation periods for small main-belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 415: 403–406. Bibcode:2004A&A...415..403A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034585.
    16. Stephens, Robert D. (July 2014). "Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 January - March" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (3): 171–175. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41..171S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    17. Klinglesmith, Daniel A., III; Hanowell, Jesse; Risley, Ethan; Turk, Janek; Vargas, Angelica; Warren, Curtis Alan (July 2014). "Lightcurves for Inversion Model Candidates" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (3): 139–143. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41..139K. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
    18. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1294) Antwerpia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
    19. Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vančo, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: A48. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. ISSN 0004-6361.



    На других языках

    [de] (1294) Antwerpia

    (1294) Antwerpia ist ein Asteroid des Hauptgürtels, der am 24. Oktober 1933 vom belgischen Astronomen Eugène Joseph Delporte in Ukkel entdeckt wurde.
    - [en] 1294 Antwerpia

    [es] (1294) Antwerpia

    (1294) Antwerpia es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides descubierto por Eugène Joseph Delporte el 24 de octubre de 1933 desde el Real Observatorio de Bélgica, Uccle.


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