astro.wikisort.org - Asteroid

1694 Kaiser (prov. designation: 1934 SB) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 September 1934, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at Leiden Southern Station, annex to the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa.[9] It is named for Dutch astronomer Frederik Kaiser.[2]

1694 Kaiser

Shape model of Kaiser from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered by	H. van Gent
Discovery site	Johannesburg Obs. (Leiden Southern Station)
Discovery date	29 September 1934
Designations
MPC designation	(1694) Kaiser
Named after	Frederik Kaiser (astronomer)[2]
Alternative designations	1934 SB · 1960 SD
Minor planet category	main-belt · (inner)[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	82.60 yr (30,168 days)
Aphelion	3.0137 AU
Perihelion	1.7759 AU
Semi-major axis	2.3948 AU
Eccentricity	0.2584
Orbital period (sidereal)	3.71 yr (1,354 days)
Mean anomaly	125.25°
Mean motion	0° 15m 57.24s / day
Inclination	11.103°
Longitude of ascending node	13.421°
Argument of perihelion	356.15°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	13.84±1.27 km[4] 15.678±0.175 km[5][6] 28.42 km (calculated)[3]
Synodic rotation period	9 h[lower-alpha 1] 13.02±0.01 h[7] 13.23±0.02 h[8]
Geometric albedo	0.057 (assumed)[3] 0.1659±0.0088[5] 0.166±0.009[6] 0.241±0.046[4]
Spectral type	B–V = 0.735[1] U–B = 0.415[1] Tholen = GC[1] · C[3]
Absolute magnitude (H)	11.46[1][3][4][5]

Orbit and classification

Kaiser is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,354 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3.71 years (1,354 days). Its eccentric orbit of 0.26 is inclined by 11 degrees towards the plane of the ecliptic.[1] Kaiser's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation, as no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made.[9]

Naming

This asteroid was named in honor of Dutch astronomer Frederik Kaiser (1808–1872), the director of the Leiden Observatory from 1837 to 1872. He founded the new Leiden Observatory and stimulated Dutch astronomical research. Frederick Kaiser is also honored by the lunar and Martian craters Kaiser.[2] Originally, the asteroid was erroneously named Kapteyn (MPC 2822), and only later it was noticed that the Duch astronomer Jacobus Kapteyn was already honored by the minor planet 818 Kapteynia. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 July 1968 (M.P.C. 2883).[10]

Physical parameters

Spectral type

On the Tholen taxonomy, the carbonaceous C-type asteroid is classified as a rare GC-type, an intermediate to the G-type asteroids.[1]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kaiser measures 13.84 and 15.68 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.241 and 0.166, respectively.[4][5][6] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 28.42 kilometers, with an absolute magnitude of 11.46[3]

Rotation period

Two rotational lightcurves for Kaiser were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian D. Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado (see video in § External links). The lightcurves from January 2006 and November 2012, gave a rotation period of 13.02 and 13.23 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.32 and 0.13 magnitude, respectively (U=3/2+).[7][8]

Notes

References

External links

• The Palmer Divide Observatory: Tour given by Brian Warner on YouTube (time 4:03 min.)
• Lightcurve plot of 1694 Kaiser, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2012)
• Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
• Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
• Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
• 1694 Kaiser at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
• 1694 Kaiser at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

На других языках

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[de] (1694) Kaiser

(1694) Kaiser ist ein Asteroid des Hauptgürtels, der am 29. September 1934 vom niederländischen Astronomen Hendrik van Gent in Johannesburg entdeckt wurde.

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- [en] 1694 Kaiser

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[fr] (1694) Kaiser

(1694) Kaiser est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale.

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[it] 1694 Kaiser

1694 Kaiser è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 1934, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a 2,3947747 UA e da un'eccentricità di 0,2587546, inclinata di 11,10859° rispetto all'eclittica.

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