astro.wikisort.org - Book

Search / Calendar

A Flamsteed designation is a combination of a number and constellation name that uniquely identifies most naked eye stars in the modern constellations visible from southern England. They are named for John Flamsteed who first used them while compiling his Historia Coelestis Britannica. (Flamsteed used a telescope,[1] and the catalog also includes some stars which are relatively bright but not necessarily visible with the naked eye.)

Northern hemisphere from Flamsteed's Atlas Coelestis
Northern hemisphere from Flamsteed's Atlas Coelestis

Description


Orion and Taurus from Atlas Coelestis
Orion and Taurus from Atlas Coelestis

Flamsteed designations for stars are similar to Bayer designations, except that they use numbers instead of Greek and Roman letters. Each star is assigned a number and the Latin genitive of the constellation it lies in (see 88 modern constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names). Flamsteed designations were assigned to 2554 stars. The numbers were originally assigned in order of increasing right ascension within each constellation, but due to the effects of precession they are now slightly out of order in some places.

This method of designating stars first appeared in a preliminary version of John Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis Britannica published by Edmond Halley and Isaac Newton in 1712 without Flamsteed's approval.[2][3] The final version of Flamsteed's catalogue published in 1725[4] after his death omitted the numerical designations altogether. The numbers now in use were assigned by the French astronomer, Joseph Jérôme de Lalande and appeared in his 1783 almanac, Éphémérides des mouvemens célestes which contained a revised edition of Flamsteed’s catalogue.[5] Lalande noted in his Introduction that he got the idea from the unofficial 1712 edition.[6]

Flamsteed designations gained popularity throughout the eighteenth century, and are now commonly used when no Bayer designation exists. Where a Bayer designation with a Greek letter does exist for a star, it is usually used in preference to the Flamsteed designation. (Flamsteed numbers are generally preferred to Bayer designations with Roman letters.) Examples of well-known stars that are usually referred to by their Flamsteed numbers include 51 Pegasi, and 61 Cygni. Flamsteed designations are often used instead of the Bayer designation if the latter contains an extra attached number; for example, "55 Cancri" is more common than "Rho1 Cancri".

There are examples of stars, such as 10 Ursae Majoris in Lynx, bearing Flamsteed designations for constellations in which they do not lie, just as there are for Bayer designations, because of the compromises that had to be made when the modern constellation boundaries were drawn up.

Flamsteed's catalogue covered only the stars visible from Great Britain, and therefore stars of the far southern constellations have no Flamsteed numbers. Some stars, such as the nearby star 82 Eridani, were named in a major southern-hemisphere catalog called Uranometria Argentina, by Benjamin Gould; these are Gould numbers, rather than Flamsteed numbers, and should be differentiated with a G, as in 82 G. Eridani. Except for a handful of cases, Gould numbers are not in common use. Similarly, Flamsteed-like designations assigned by other astronomers (for example, Hevelius) are no longer in general use. (A well-known exception is the globular cluster 47 Tucanae from Bode's catalog.)

84 stars entered in Flamsteed's catalog are errors and proved not to exist in the sky:[7] All of them except 11 Vulpeculae were plotted on his star charts.


List of constellations using Flamsteed star designations


There are 52 constellations that primarily use Flamsteed designations. Stars are listed in the appropriate lists for the constellation, as follows:

In addition, several stars in Puppis, and a small number of stars in Centaurus and Lupus, have been given Flamsteed designations.


See also



References


  1. "Telescope: Flamsteed's 7-foot Equatorial Sextant (1676)".
  2. "Naming Astronomical Objects". International Astronomical Union (IAU). Retrieved 2015-09-10.
  3. "Naming Stars". Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  4. Flamsteed, John (1725). Historia Coelestis Britannica. H. Meere.
  5. de Lalande, Joseph Jérôme (1783). Éphémérides des mouvemens celestas. Hérissant. p. cxxxiii.
  6. de Lalande, Joseph Jérôme (1783). Éphémérides des mouvemens celestas. Hérissant. p. xxv.
  7. Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.



На других языках


[de] Flamsteed-Bezeichnung

Die Flamsteed-Bezeichnungen werden in der Astronomie parallel zu den Bayer-Bezeichnungen zur systematischen Benennung von Sternen verwendet. Sie wurden von dem britischen Astronomen John Flamsteed (1646 bis 1719) eingeführt.
- [en] Flamsteed designation

[es] Denominación de Flamsteed

La denominación de Flamsteed es un sistema utilizado para designar a las distintas estrellas del firmamento. Similar a la denominación de Bayer, se distingue de esta por utilizar números en vez de letras griegas. A cada estrella se le asigna un número seguido del genitivo latino de la constelación en la cual se encuentra. La denominación de Flamsteed contuvo 2554 estrellas.

[ru] Обозначения Флемстида

Обозначения Флемстида (каталог Флемстида) — обозначения звёзд, введённые английским астрономом Джоном Флемстидом. Впервые этот метод обозначения звёзд появился в предварительном варианте Historia Coelestis Britannica, который был опубликован Эдмундом Галлеем и Исааком Ньютоном в 1712 году без его согласия[1][2]. Флемстид составил список из 2554 звёзд. Окончательный вариант каталога Флемстида, опубликованный в 1725 году[3] после его смерти, полностью опустил численные обозначения. Числа, используемые в настоящее время, были назначены французским астрономом Лаландом и появились в его альманахе 1783 года, Éphémérides des mouvemens célestes в котором содержалось пересмотренное издание каталога Фламстида[4]. Лаланд заметил в своём «Введении», что получил идею из неофициального издания 1712 года[5].



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии