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César-François Cassini de Thury (17 June 1714 – 4 September 1784), also called Cassini III or Cassini de Thury, was a French astronomer and cartographer.

César-François Cassini de Thury
César-François Cassini de Thury,
miniature watercolor on ivory by Jean-Marc Nattier
Born(1714-06-17)17 June 1714
Thury-sous-Clermont, France
Died4 September 1784(1784-09-04) (aged 70)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Known forTopographical map of France
ChildrenJean-Dominique Cassini
Scientific career
FieldsCartography
Astronomy
InstitutionsParis Observatory

Biography


Cassini de Thury was born in Thury-sous-Clermont, in the Oise department, the second son of Jacques Cassini and Suzanne Françoise Charpentier de Charmois.[1] He was a grandson of Giovanni Domenico Cassini, and would become the father of Jean-Dominique Cassini, Comte de Cassini.[2]

In 1739, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences as a supernumerary adjunct astronomer, in 1741 as an adjunct astronomer, and in 1745 as a full member astronomer.

In January, 1751 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[3]

He succeeded to his father's official position in 1756 and continued the hereditary surveying operations.[4] In 1744, he began the construction of a great topographical map of France,[5] one of the landmarks in the history of cartography. Completed by his son Jean-Dominique, Cassini IV and published by the Académie des Sciences from 1744 to 1793, its 180 plates are known as the Cassini map (fr).

The post of director of the Paris observatory was created for his benefit in 1771 when the establishment ceased to be a dependency of the French Academy of Sciences.[5]

His chief works are: La méridienne de l’Observatoire Royal de Paris (1744), an arc measurement correction of the Paris meridian (Dunkirk-Collioure arc measurement (Cassini de Thury and de Lacaille)); Description géométrique de la terre (1775); and Description géométrique de la France (1784), which was completed by his son ("Cassini IV").[5]

César-François Cassini de Thury died of smallpox in Paris on 4 September 1784.


Works



Bibliography


D. Aubin, Femmes, vulgarisation et pratique des sciences au siècle des Lumières : Les Dialogues sur l’astronomie et la Lettre sur la figure de la Terre de César-François Cassini de Thury, Brepols (2020)


See also



References


  1. Jonathan Powell, From Cave Art to Hubble: A History of Astronomical Record Keeping, (Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019), 114
  2. Jonathan Powell, From Cave Art to Hubble: A History of Astronomical Record Keeping, (Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019), 115
  3. "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 21 December 2010.[permanent dead link]
  4. Jonathan Powell, From Cave Art to Hubble: A History of Astronomical Record Keeping, (Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019), 115
  5.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Clerke, Agnes Mary (1911). "Cassini s.v. César François Cassini, or Cassini de Thury". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 459.



На других языках

- [en] César-François Cassini de Thury

[es] César-François Cassini de Thury

César-François Cassini de Thury (también conocido como Cassini III o Cassini de Thury) (17 de junio de 1714 - 4 de septiembre de 1784), fue un astrónomo y cartógrafo francés.

[fr] César-François Cassini

César-François Cassini, dit Cassini III ou Cassini de Thury, né à Thury-sous-Clermont le 17 juin 1714 et mort de la variole à Paris le 4 septembre 1784, est un géodésien, cartographe et astronome français.

[it] César-François Cassini

César-François Cassini (Thury-sous-Clermont, 17 giugno 1714 – Parigi, 4 settembre 1784) è stato un astronomo e geodeta francese.

[ru] Кассини, Цезарь Франсуа

Цезарь Франсуа Кассини (фр. César-François Cassini de Thury; 17 июня 1714 — 4 сентября 1784) — французский астроном и геодезист.


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