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Ernest Amédée Barthélemy Mouchez (24 August 1821 – 29 June 1892) was a French naval officer who became director of the Paris Observatory and launched the ill-fated Carte du Ciel project in 1887.

Ernest Mouchez
Born(1821-08-24)24 August 1821
Madrid, Spain
Died29 June 1892(1892-06-29) (aged 70)
Wissous, Seine-et-Oise
CitizenshipFrench
Known forCarte du Ciel
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy, Cartography
InstitutionsFrench Navy, Paris Observatory

Life


Born in Madrid, Spain, Mouchez embarked on a career in the French Navy as an ensign in 1843. This was a period of relative international maritime peace and much of the navy's activities were dedicated to exploration and discovery. Mouchez was initially occupied on hydrographic studies along the coasts of Korea, China and South America, penetrating 320 km up the Paraguay River and exploring the Abrolhos Islands. He improved the practice of surveying at sea, adapting terrestrial instruments for naval use, and was especially concerned with the problems of determining longitude. He developed the use of the theodolite and meridian telescope to improve the error in establishing longitude from around 30″ to 3–4″.[1]

Attaining the rank of post captain in 1868, he embarked on a series of expeditions to chart the coast of Algeria.[1] However, in 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, he was called upon to make an heroic defence of the port of Le Havre.[2]

Returning to his Algerian survey, he brought it to a conclusion in 1873, when he was elected to the Bureau des Longitudes and, in the following year, was sponsored by the Académie des sciences to observe the transit of Venus from St. Paul Island in the Indian Ocean. On 9 December he made a sequence of superb photographic plates of the event.[1]

In 1875, the Académie elected him a member of the astronomy section and in 1878 he was promoted to rear admiral and awarded the role of director of the Paris Observatory. The observatory had fallen into disrepair and disrepute since the chaos of the 1870 war and the Paris Commune of 1871. Mouchez set about a programme of reconstruction but failed to persuade the government to fund a new observatory outside the centre of Paris.[1]

In 1887, he collaborated with Sir David Gill to host an international astronomical conference in Paris. The principal outcome of the conference was a multi-national project to compile and index a photographic atlas of the heavens, the Carte du Ciel. The project consumed massive effort over several decades before it was rendered obsolete by modern astronomical methods.[1][3]

Mouchez died in Wissous, Seine-et-Oise.[1]


Honours



References


  1. Simpkins (1981)
  2. [Anon.] (1893)
  3. [Anon.] (2001)

Works



Sources



Catalogues of Mouchez' works





На других языках


[de] Ernest Mouchez

Ernest Amédée Barthélemy Mouchez (* 24. August 1821 in Madrid; † 29. Juni 1892 in Wissous) war ein französischer Astronom, Geodät und Konteradmiral.[1] Er war 1878 bis 1892 Direktor des Pariser Observatoriums.
- [en] Ernest Mouchez

[es] Ernest Mouchez

Ernest Amédée Barthélemy Mouchez (también citado como Amédée Mouchez y como Amiral Mouchez o Almirante Mouchez) (24 de agosto de 1821 – 29 de junio de 1892) fue un oficial naval francés. Director del Observatorio de París desde 1878, fue el promotor del malogrado proyecto astronómico de la Carte du Ciel (una misión internacional ideada para fotografiar con gran detalle toda la bóveda celeste) iniciado en 1887.

[it] Amédée Mouchez

Amédée Ernest Barthélemy Mouchez, spesso indicato come l'Ammiraglio Mouchez, (Madrid, 24 agosto 1821 – Wissous, 29 giugno 1892), è stato un astronomo e contrammiraglio francese. Nel 1887 avviò il progetto della Carte du Ciel in qualità di direttore dell'Osservatorio di Parigi.

[ru] Муше, Эрнест Амедей Бартелеми

Эрне́ст Амеде́й Бартелеми́ Муше́ (фр. Amédée Ernest Barthélemy Mouchez, 1821—1892) — французский астроном и морской офицер.



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