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Georg Marcgrave (originally German: Georg Marggraf, also spelled "Marcgraf" "Markgraf") (1610 – 1644) was a German naturalist and astronomer, whose posthumously published Historia Naturalis Brasiliae was a major contribution to early modern science.[1]

Fronttpage of Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648)
Fronttpage of Historia Naturalis Brasiliae (1648)

Life


Born in Liebstadt in the Electorate of Saxony, Marcgrave studied botany, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine in Germany and Switzerland until 1636 when he journeyed to Leiden in the Netherlands.

In 1637, he was appointed astronomer of a company being formed to sail to the Dutch Brazil. He was accompanied by Willem Piso, a physician. He afterward entered the service of Dutch Brazil's governor, Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen, whose patronage provided him with the means of exploring a considerable part of Brazil.[2] He arrived in Brazil in early 1638 and undertook the first zoological, botanical, and astronomical expedition there, exploring various parts of the colony to study its natural history and geography. Traveling later to the coast of Guinea, he fell a victim to the climate.[2]


Publications


His large map of Brazil, an important event in cartography was published in 1647. According to Cuvier, Marcgrave was the most able and most precise of all those who described the natural history of remote countries during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

He was the co-author (with Willem Piso) of Historia Naturalis Brasiliae,[3] a single volume work on the botany and zoology of Brazil, that has had lasting influence in the history of science.

The standard author abbreviation Marcgr. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[4]

References


  1. Neil Safier, "Beyond Brazilian Nature: The Editorial Itineraries of Marcgraf and Piso's Historia Naturalis Brasiliae" in Michiel Van Groesen, ed. The Legacy of Dutch Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press 2014, pp. 168-186.
  2. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Marggraf, George" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  3. Facsimile of original 1648 manuscript
  4. International Plant Names Index.  Marcgr.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georg Marggraf.

Further reading



На других языках

- [en] Georg Marcgrave

[es] Georg Marcgraf

Georg Markgraf o Georg Marcgraf (o Georg Marcgrave) ( 1610, Liebstadt (Sajonia) - Luanda de fiebre, 1644) fue un naturalista, astrónomo, alemán.

[it] Georg Marcgrave

Georg Marcgrave, in origine Georg Marggraf, scritto anche Marcgraf o Markgraf (Liebstadt, 10 settembre 1610 – Luanda, 1644), è stato un astronomo e naturalista tedesco.

[ru] Маркграф, Георг

Георг Маркграф (нем. Georg Marcgrave, лат. Georgius Marcgravius; 1610—1644) — немецкий географ и ботаник.


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