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Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs (25 April 1918 – 7 October 1995)[2] was a French astronomer.

Gérard de Vaucouleurs
Born	Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs (1918-04-25)25 April 1918 Paris, France
Died	7 October 1995(1995-10-07) (aged 77) Austin, Texas
Nationality	France
Alma mater	Lycee Charlemagne (BSc, 1936)[1] Sorbonne (PhD, 1949)
Known for	De Vaucouleurs's law
Spouse	Antoinette de Vaucouleurs ​ ​ (m. 1944; died 1988)​
Awards	Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1988) Prix Jules Janssen (1988)
Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy
Institutions	Yale University Observatory Lowell Observatory Harvard College Observatory University of Texas at Austin

Life and career

Born in Paris, he had an early interest in amateur astronomy and received his undergraduate degree in 1939 at the Sorbonne in that city. After military service in World War II, he resumed his pursuit of astronomy. He was married to fellow astronomer Antoinette de Vaucouleurs on October 31, 1944, and the couple would frequently collaborate on astronomical research.[3]

Fluent in English, he spent 1949–51 in England, 1951–57 in Australia, the latter at Mount Stromlo Observatory, 1957–58 at Lowell Observatory in Arizona and 1958–60 at Harvard. In 1960 he was appointed to the University of Texas at Austin, where he spent the rest of his career. He died of a heart attack in his home in Austin at the age of 77.[4]

His earliest work had concerned the planet Mars and while at Harvard he used telescope observations from 1909 to 1958 to study the areographic coordinates of features on the surface of Mars.[5] His later work focused on the study of galaxies and he co-authored the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies with his wife Antoinette (1921-1987), a fellow UT Austin astronomer and lifelong collaborator.[3]

His specialty included reanalyzing Hubble and Sandage's galaxy atlas and recomputing the distance measurements utilizing a method of averaging many different kinds of metrics such as luminosity, the diameters of ring galaxies, brightest star clusters, etc., in a method he called "spreading the risks." During the 1950s he promoted the idea that galactic clusters are grouped into superclusters.[4]

The de Vaucouleurs modified Hubble sequence is a widely used variant of the standard Hubble sequence.

De Vaucouleurs was awarded the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship by the American Astronomical Society in 1988. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France (Astronomical Society of France) in the same year. He and his wife and longtime collaborator, Antoinette, together produced 400 research and technical papers, 20 books and 100 articles for laymen.[4]

See also

• De Vaucouleurs's law
• Edwin Hubble
• Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
• William Wilson Morgan
• Julien Peridier

References

Further reading

• Lahav O; Naim A; Buta RJ; et al. (1995), "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks", Science, 267 (5199): 859–62, arXiv:astro-ph/9412027, Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L, doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859, PMID 17813914, S2CID 43370373
• de Vaucouleurs, G (1993), "Tests of the long and short extragalactic distance scales", PNAS, 90 (11): 4811–4813, Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.4811V, doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4811, PMC 46605, PMID 11607392
• Masursky H; Batson RM; McCauley JF; et al. (1972), "Mariner 9 Television Reconnaissance of Mars and Its Satellites: Preliminary Results", Science, 175 (4019): 294–305, Bibcode:1972Sci...175..294M, doi:10.1126/science.175.4019.294, PMID 17814535, S2CID 24829001
• de Vaucouleurs, G; Wertz, JR (1971), "Hierarchical big bang cosmology", Nature, 231 (5298): 109, Bibcode:1971Natur.231..109D, doi:10.1038/231109a0, PMID 16062575, S2CID 4295040
• de Vaucouleurs, G (1970), "Postscript", Science, 168 (3934): 917, doi:10.1126/science.168.3934.917-a, PMID 17844177
• de Vaucouleurs, G (1970), "The Case for a Hierarchical Cosmology", Science, vol. 167, no. 3922, pp. 1203–1213, Bibcode:1970Sci...167.1203D, doi:10.1126/science.167.3922.1203, PMID 17751407

External links

• Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 7 November 1988, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

• Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 20 November 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
• Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 23 November 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives

• Obituary: Gerard Henri De Vaucouleurs, 1918-1995
• Biography
• http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/normal_galaxies.html
• E. Margaret Burbidge, "Gerard de Vaucouleurs", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2002)

Other resources

На других языках

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[de] Gérard-Henri de Vaucouleurs

Gérard-Henri de Vaucouleurs (* 25. April 1918 in Paris; † 7. Oktober 1995 in Austin, Texas) war ein französisch-amerikanischer Astronom. Er war bekannt als Beteiligter im Streit um den Wert der Hubble-Konstante und als Entdecker von Galaxienclustern (ab den 1950er Jahren).

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- [en] Gérard de Vaucouleurs

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[fr] Gérard de Vaucouleurs

Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs, né le 25 avril 1918 à Paris et mort le 7 octobre 1995 à Austin, Texas, est un astronome franco-américain.

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[it] Gérard de Vaucouleurs

Gérard de Vaucouleurs (Parigi, 25 aprile 1918 – Austin, 7 ottobre 1995) è stato un astronomo francese naturalizzato statunitense.

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[ru] Вокулёр, Жерар Анри де

Жера́р Анри де Вокулёр (фр. Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs; 25 апреля 1918, Париж — 7 октября 1995, Остин, штат Техас) — франко-американский астроном[3].

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