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Johan Oskar Backlund (28 April 1846 – 29 August 1916) was a Swedish-Russian astronomer. His name is sometimes given as Jöns Oskar Backlund, however even contemporary Swedish sources give "Johan". In Russia, where he spent his entire career, he is known as Oskar Andreevich Baklund (Оскар Андреевич Баклунд). Russian sources sometimes give his dates of birth and death as 16 April 1846 and 16 August 1916, since Russia still used the Julian calendar at the time.
Life
He was born in Länghem, in Västergötland, Sweden and graduated from Uppsala University in 1872. After getting his doctorate in 1875,[1] he emigrated to Russia in 1876. He worked at Dorpat Observatory, in today's Tartu, Estonia, and then in 1879 worked at Pulkovo Observatory, becoming director of the observatory from 1895 until his death.
He specialized in celestial mechanics, and notably worked on calculating the orbit of Comet Encke, taking into account the perturbations of various planets. He used observations of Comet Encke to try estimate the mass of Mercury. Russian sources sometimes referred to the comet as Comet Encke-Backlund. He also carried out geodesic studies in Spitzbergen from 1898 to 1900. He became a member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1883, member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1897 and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1911. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1914.[2]
Family
He was married to Ulrika Catharina Widebeck. Their daughter Elsa Celsing became a well-known artist, and their son Helge Gotrik Backlund (3 September 1878 – 1958) was a geologist and explorer.
Honors
Awards
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1909)
- Bruce Medal (1914)
Named after him
- The crater Backlund on the Moon
- Asteroid 856 Backlunda
- Backlundtoppen, a mountain in Olav V Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard.[3][4]
References
- Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
- "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- "Backlundtoppen (Svalbard)". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
- Lauritzen, Per Roger, ed. (2009). "Backlundtoppen". Norsk Fjelleksikon (in Norwegian). Arendal: Friluftsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-91-49547-7.
External links
- Bruce Medal page
- Awarding of Bruce Medal
- Awarding of RAS gold medal
- Backlund, Johan Oskar (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon) in Project Runeberg (in Swedish)
- I:56 (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon) in Project Runeberg (in Swedish)
- II:795 (Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon) in Project Runeberg (in Swedish)
Obituaries
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На других языках
[de] Oskar Backlund
Johan (Jons) Oskar Backlund (* 28. April 1846 in Länghem, Schweden; † 16. Augustjul. / 29. August 1916greg. in Pulkowo bei Petrograd) war ein schwedisch-russischer Astronom.- [en] Oskar Backlund
[fr] Oskar Backlund
Johan Oskar Backlund (28 avril 1846 - 29 août 1916) était un astronome russo-suédois.[it] Oskar Backlund
Johan Oskar Backlund (Länghem, 28 aprile 1846 – Pulkovo, 29 agosto 1916) è stato un astronomo svedese-russo.[ru] Баклунд, Оскар Андреевич
О́скар Андре́евич Ба́клунд (швед. Johan (Jöns) Oskar Backlund, Юхан (Йенс) Оскар Баклунд; 28 апреля 1846 — 16 [29] августа 1916) — российский и шведский астроном; ординарный академик по астрономии Императорской Санкт-Петербургской Академии наук (1883), директор Николаевской Главной астрономической обсерватории в Пулково (1895—1916). Тайный советник.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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