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Robert Julius Trumpler (until 1915 Robert Trümpler, born October 2, 1886 in Zürich, Switzerland; died September 10, 1956 in Berkeley, United States) was a Swiss-American astronomer.
Career
After initial schooling, Trumpler entered the Universität Zürich but later transferred to the University of Göttingen where he earned his PhD in 1910. In 1915, during World War I, he emigrated to the United States and joined the University of California. He took a position at Allegheny Observatory, and later went to Lick Observatory. In 1921, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1932.[1]
He is most noted for observing that the brightness of the more distant open clusters was lower than expected, and the stars appeared more red. This was explained by the interstellar dust scattered through the galaxy, resulting in the absorption (extinction) of light or interstellar extinction of light.[2]
Trumpler further studied and catalogued open clusters in order to determine the size of the Milky Way galaxy. At first he thought his analysis placed an upper limit on the Milky Way's diameter of about 10,000 parsecs with the Sun located somewhat near the center although he later revised this. While cataloguing open clusters, he also devised a system for their classification according to the number of stars observed within them, how concentrated these stars are in the center of the cluster and the range of their apparent brightness. This system, known as the Trumpler classification,[3] is still in use today.
Honors
The Robert J. Trumpler Award, awarded by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for an outstanding PhD Thesis in astronomy, is named in his honor.[4]
The following celestial features are named after him:
- The crater Trumpler on the Moon.
- Trumpler Crater on Mars.
- Trumpler classification, the classification scheme for open clusters.
- Trumpler catalogue, the catalogue of open clusters that he compiled.
Notable objects
Some notable objects from his 1930 catalogue of open clusters are:
Selected publications
- R.J. Trumpler, 1930. "Preliminary results on the distances, dimensions and space distribution of open star clusters." Lick Obs. Bull. Vol XIV, No. 420 (1930) 154-188. Table 16 is the Trumpler catalog of open clusters, referred to as "Trumpler (or Tr) 1-37
- Robert Julius Trumpler, Harold F. Weaver 1962. Statistical Astronomy (Dover Publications, New York). (reprinted from original published by the University of California, Berkeley, 1953)
See also
- List of astronomical catalogues
- Melotte catalogue - a similar catalogue of star clusters published by Philibert Jacques Melotte in 1915.
- Collinder catalogue - a similar catalogue of open star clusters published by Per Collinder in 1931, one year after Trumpler.
References
- Biographical Memoirs. 2000. doi:10.17226/9977. ISBN 978-0-309-07035-5.
- R.J. Trumpler, 1930. Preliminary results on the distances, dimensions and space distribution of open star clusters. Lick Obs. Bull. Vol XIV, No. 420 (1930) 154-188. Table 16 is the Trumpler catalog of open clusters, referred to as "Trumpler (or Tr) 1-37
- Robert A. Garfinkle. Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe. Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-521-59889-7; p.74
- Robert J. Trumpler Award for an Outstanding PhD Thesis.[permanent dead link] Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Accessed September 7, 2008.
- National Academy of Sciences biography - Biographical Memoirs V.78 (2000) pp. 276–297
- The Munich Astro Archive – Robert Julius Trumpler (October 2, 1886 - September 10, 1956)
- The Interstellar Medium: Dust
- "LAUDS ASTRONOMY ON '35 DISCOVERIES; Dr. Shapley Lists Outstanding Developments of the Year in a Talk at Cambridge". The New York Times. October 20, 1935. p. 24. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
... perhaps, among the high lights of 1935 the preliminary results announced by Trumpler (Dr. Robert Julius Trumpler) of the Lick Observatory on his test of ...
Further reading
- Weaver, Harold; Weaver, Paul (August 1957). "Robert Julius Trumpler, 1886-1956". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 69 (409): 304. Bibcode:1957PASP...69..304W. doi:10.1086/127076.
- Winkler, Kurt, "Robert Julius Trumpler and the Cosmos: The Contributions of a Swiss American Astronomer," Swiss American Historical Society Review, vol. 49, no. 2 (2013), p. 1-9.
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На других языках
[de] Robert Julius Trumpler
Robert Julius Trumpler (bis 1915 Robert Trümpler, * 2. Oktober 1886 in Zürich, Schweiz; † 10. September 1956 in Berkeley, Kalifornien) war ein aus der Schweiz stammender US-amerikanischer Astronom.- [en] Robert Julius Trumpler
[es] Robert Julius Trumpler
Robert Julius Trumpler (Zúrich, 2 de octubre de 1886 - Pasadena, 10 de septiembre de 1956) fue un astrónomo estadounidense de origen suizo, especializado en el estudio de cúmulos estelares.[it] Robert Julius Trumpler
Robert Julius Trumpler (Zurigo, 2 ottobre 1886 – Berkeley, 10 settembre 1956) è stato un astronomo svizzero naturalizzato statunitense. Studiò all'università di Zurigo e all'Università di Gottinga. Nel 1915 emigrò negli Stati Uniti, dove lavorò all'Allegheny Observatory e all'Osservatorio Lick.[ru] Трюмплер, Роберт Джулиус
Роберт Джулиус Трюмплер (правильнее Трамплер, англ. Robert Julius Trumpler, до 1915 г. Роберт Юлиус Трюмплер, нем. Trümpler; 2 октября 1886 — 10 сентября 1956) — американский астроном швейцарского происхождения.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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