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Theodor von Oppolzer (26 October 1841 – 26 December 1886) was an Austrian astronomer and mathematician of Bohemian origin.[1][2]
Theodor von Oppolzer | |
|---|---|
 Theodor von Oppolzer | |
| Born | 26 October 1841 Prague, Austrian Empire |
| Died | 26 December 1886 (aged 45) Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Spouse | Coelestine Mautner von Markhof |
| Children | 6 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | astronomer and mathematician |
The son of the physician Johann Ritter von Oppolzer, Theodor was born in Prague. He completed his graduate studies in medicine at the University of Vienna, gaining a Ph.D. in 1865. He also owned a private observatory. He began teaching theoretical astronomy and geodesics at the University of Vienna in 1866. By 1875 he was appointed a professor. In 1873 he became the director of the Austrian Geodetic Survey, and in 1886 he was elected president of the International Geodetic Association.
He was considered a highly capable astronomer and mathematician. For example, he was reputed to have memorized the values of 14,000 logarithms. In 1868 he led an expedition to observe a solar eclipse. Afterward (1887) he authored the Canon der Finsternisse, an authoritative compilation of the 8,000 solar and 5,200 lunar eclipses from 1,200 B.C. until 2,161 A.D.[3] This was widely recognized as one of the greatest computational feats of its day.
Oppolzer authored over 300 papers, with most concerning the orbital elements of comets and asteroids. He also published a two-volume manual on the determination of the orbital elements of comets and planets.[4] Both of his works served as standard astronomy references for many years.
He was working on an improved theory of lunar motion at the time of his death. His son Egon von Oppolzer also became a distinguished astronomer.
Awards and honors
- Elected to the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna, 1882.
- Elected to the American National Academy of Sciences, 1883.
- The crater Oppolzer on the Moon is named after him.
- Asteroid 1492 Oppolzer was named for him. In addition asteroids were named for his wife (237 Coelestina), and his two daughters (153 Hilda and 228 Agathe). 153 Hilda then gave its name to the Hilda group.
References
- E. Weiss, "Nekrolog über Theodor von Oppolzer", Astronomische Nachrichten, 116 (1887), 95-96.
- E.W., "Professor Theodor von Oppolzer", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 47 (1887), 145-147.
- Th. von Oppolzer, Canon der Finsternisse (Vienna: Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1887 [= Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Band 52]) - reprinted in 1962, with a preface by Donald H. Menzel and an English translation of the introduction by Owen Gingerich, by Dover Publications, New York.
- Th. von Oppolzer, Lehrbuch zur Bahnbestimmung der Kometen und Planeten (Leipzig: Engelmann, 1870/1880), 2 vols. - a second edition of the first volume appeared in 1882.
External links
- Works by or about Theodor von Oppolzer at Internet Archive
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На других языках
[de] Theodor Oppolzer
Theodor Egon Oppolzer, ab 1869: Theodor Egon Ritter von Oppolzer (* 26. Oktober 1841 in Prag; † 26. Dezember 1886 in Wien) war ein österreichischer Astronom deutschböhmischer Herkunft, der vor allem durch seinen Canon der Finsternisse (1887) und das zweibändige Lehrbuch der Bahnbestimmung von Kometen und Planeten weltweit bekannt wurde. Er war Universitätsprofessor in Wien, Mitglied mehrerer wissenschaftlicher Akademien und auch in der internationalen Erdmessung tätig.- [en] Theodor von Oppolzer
[es] Theodor von Oppolzer
Theodor von Oppolzer (26 de octubre de 1841 – 26 de diciembre de 1886) fue un astrónomo y matemático austriaco de origen bohemio.[1][2] Dotado de una gran facilidad para el cálculo, fue el autor del Canon de eclipses, unas tablas de referencia que abarcan más de 3000 años con las fechas de estos eventos astronómicos.[fr] Theodor von Oppolzer
Theodor Egon Ritter von Oppolzer, né le 26 octobre 1841 à Prague, mort le 26 décembre 1886 à Vienne, est un astronome autrichien, originaire de Bohême.[it] Theodor von Oppolzer
Theodor von Oppolzer (Praga, 26 ottobre 1841 – Vienna, 26 dicembre 1886) è stato un astronomo e matematico austriaco.[1][2][ru] Оппольцер, Теодор
Теодор О́ппольцер (нем. Theodor Egon Ritter von Oppolzer; 1841—1886) — австрийский астроном.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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