Thorvald N. Thiele - Researcher - astro.wikisort.org

astro.wikisort.org - Researcher

Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (24 December 1838 – 26 September 1910) was a Danish astronomer and director of the Copenhagen Observatory.[1] He was also an actuary and mathematician, most notable for his work in statistics, interpolation and the three-body problem.

Thorvald N. Thiele

Born	(1838-12-24)24 December 1838 Copenhagen
Died	26 September 1910(1910-09-26) (aged 71)
Nationality	Danish
Alma mater	University of Copenhagen
Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy, Statistics
Institutions	Copenhagen Observatory
Doctoral advisor	Heinrich Louis d'Arrest

Thiele made notable contributions to the statistical study of random time series and introduced the cumulants and likelihood functions, and was considered to be one of the greatest statisticians of all time by Ronald Fisher.[2] In the early 1900s he also developed and proposed a generalisation of approval voting to multiple winner elections called sequential proportional approval voting,[3] which was briefly used for party lists in Sweden when proportional representation was introduced in 1909.

Thiele also was a founder and Mathematical Director of the Hafnia Insurance Company and led the founding of the Danish Society of Actuaries. It was through his insurance work that he came into contact with fellow mathematician Jørgen Pedersen Gram.

Thiele was the father of astronomer Holger Thiele.

The main-belt asteroids 843 Nicolaia (discovered by his son Holger) and 1586 Thiele are named in his honour.[1]

Selected publications

Notes and references

Notes

Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1586) Thiele". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1586) Thiele. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 125–126. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1587. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
Jerzy Neyman, “Note on an Article by Sir Ronald Fisher,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 18, 2 (July 1956): 288–294, doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1956.tb00236.x.
http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/st/article/view/1949/1528&usg=ALkJrhiuUQ1zCqZHnca_-iAmk1KpNqMtmg Archived 2015-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
Rietz, H. L. (1911). "Book Review: Interpolationsrechnung". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 17 (7): 372–374. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1911-02086-9. ISSN 0002-9904.

References

Steffen L. Lauritzen (2002). Thiele: Pioneer in Statistics. Oxford University Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-19-850972-1.
- 1. Introduction to Thiele, S. L. Lauritzen
- 2. On the application of the method of least squares to some cases, in which a combination of certain types of inhomogeneous random sources of errors gives these a 'systematic' character, T. N. Thiele
- 3. Time series analysis in 1880: a discussion of contributions made by T. N. Thiele, S. L. Lauritzen
- 4. The general theory of observations: calculus of probability and the method of least squares, T. N. Thiele
- 5. T. N. Thiele's contributions to statistics, A. Hald
- 6. On the halfinvariants in the theory of observations, T. N. Thiele
- 7. The early history of cumulants and the Gram–Charlier series, A. Hald
- 8. Epilogue, S. L. Lauritzen
Anders Hald (1998). A History of Mathematical Statistics from 1750 to 1930. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-17912-2.
Anders Hald. "T. N. Thiele's contributions to statistics" International Statistical Review volume 49, (1981), number 1: 1—20.
Anders Hald. "The early history of the cumulants and the Gram–Charlier series" International Statistical Review volume 68 (2000), number 2,´: 137—153.
Steffen L. Lauritzen. "Time series analysis in 1880. A discussion of contributions made by T.N. Thiele". International Statistical Review 49, 1981, 319–333.
Steffen L. Lauritzen, Aspects of T. N. Thiele’s Contributions to Statistics. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 58, 27–30, 1999.

External links

O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Thorvald N. Thiele", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews
Steffen L. Lauritzen, "Aspects of T. N. Thiele’s Contributions to Statistics," Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 58 (1999): 27–30.

Statistics

Outline
Index

Descriptive statistics

Continuous data

Center	Mean Arithmetic Cubic Generalized/power Geometric Harmonic Heinz Median Mode
Dispersion	Average absolute deviation Coefficient of variation Interquartile range Percentile Range Standard deviation Variance
Shape	Central limit theorem Moments Kurtosis L-moments Skewness

Count data

Index of dispersion

Summary tables

Contingency table
Frequency distribution
Grouped data

Dependence

Partial correlation
Pearson product-moment correlation
Rank correlation
- Kendall's τ
- Spearman's ρ
Scatter plot

Graphics

Bar chart
Biplot
Box plot
Control chart
Correlogram
Fan chart
Forest plot
Histogram
Pie chart
Q–Q plot
Radar chart
Run chart
Scatter plot
Stem-and-leaf display
Violin plot

Data collection

Study design	Effect size Missing data Optimal design Population Replication Sample size determination Statistic Statistical power
Survey methodology	Sampling Cluster Stratified Opinion poll Questionnaire Standard error
Controlled experiments	Blocking Factorial experiment Interaction Random assignment Randomized controlled trial Randomized experiment Scientific control
Adaptive designs	Adaptive clinical trial Stochastic approximation Up-and-down designs
Observational studies	Cohort study Cross-sectional study Natural experiment Quasi-experiment

Statistical inference

Statistical theory

Population
Statistic
Probability distribution
Sampling distribution
- Order statistic
Empirical distribution
- Density estimation
Statistical model
- Model specification
- L^p space
Parameter
- location
- scale
- shape
Parametric family
- Likelihood (monotone)
- Location–scale family
- Exponential family
Completeness
Sufficiency
Statistical functional
- Bootstrap
- U
- V
Optimal decision
- loss function
Efficiency
Statistical distance
- divergence
Asymptotics
Robustness

Frequentist inference

Point estimation	Estimating equations Maximum likelihood Method of moments M-estimator Minimum distance Unbiased estimators Mean-unbiased minimum-variance Rao–Blackwellization Lehmann–Scheffé theorem Median unbiased Plug-in
Interval estimation	Confidence interval Pivot Likelihood interval Prediction interval Tolerance interval Resampling Bootstrap Jackknife
Testing hypotheses	1- & 2-tails Power Uniformly most powerful test Permutation test Randomization test Multiple comparisons
Parametric tests	Likelihood-ratio Score/Lagrange multiplier Wald

Specific tests

Z-test (normal) Student's t-test F-test
Goodness of fit	Chi-squared G-test Kolmogorov–Smirnov Anderson–Darling Lilliefors Jarque–Bera Normality (Shapiro–Wilk) Likelihood-ratio test Model selection Cross validation AIC BIC
Rank statistics	Sign Sample median Signed rank (Wilcoxon) Hodges–Lehmann estimator Rank sum (Mann–Whitney) Nonparametric anova 1-way (Kruskal–Wallis) 2-way (Friedman) Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra) Van der Waerden test

Bayesian inference

Bayesian probability
- prior
- posterior
Credible interval
Bayes factor
Bayesian estimator
- Maximum posterior estimator

Correlation
Regression analysis

Correlation	Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination
Regression analysis	Errors and residuals Regression validation Mixed effects models Simultaneous equations models Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
Linear regression	Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares General linear model Bayesian regression
Non-standard predictors	Nonlinear regression Nonparametric Semiparametric Isotonic Robust Heteroscedasticity Homoscedasticity
Generalized linear model	Exponential families Logistic (Bernoulli) / Binomial / Poisson regressions
Partition of variance	Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova) Analysis of covariance Multivariate ANOVA Degrees of freedom

Categorical / Multivariate / Time-series / Survival analysis

Categorical

Cohen's kappa
Contingency table
Graphical model
Log-linear model
McNemar's test
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics

Multivariate

Regression
Manova
Principal components
Canonical correlation
Discriminant analysis
Cluster analysis
Classification
Structural equation model
- Factor analysis
Multivariate distributions
- Elliptical distributions
  - Normal

Time-series

General	Decomposition Trend Stationarity Seasonal adjustment Exponential smoothing Cointegration Structural break Granger causality
Specific tests	Dickey–Fuller Johansen Q-statistic (Ljung–Box) Durbin–Watson Breusch–Godfrey
Time domain	Autocorrelation (ACF) partial (PACF) Cross-correlation (XCF) ARMA model ARIMA model (Box–Jenkins) Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) Vector autoregression (VAR)
Frequency domain	Spectral density estimation Fourier analysis Least-squares spectral analysis Wavelet Whittle likelihood

Survival

Survival function	Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit) Proportional hazards models Accelerated failure time (AFT) model First hitting time
Hazard function	Nelson–Aalen estimator
Test	Log-rank test

Applications

Biostatistics	Bioinformatics Clinical trials / studies Epidemiology Medical statistics
Engineering statistics	Chemometrics Methods engineering Probabilistic design Process / quality control Reliability System identification
Social statistics	Actuarial science Census Crime statistics Demography Econometrics Jurimetrics National accounts Official statistics Population statistics Psychometrics
Spatial statistics	Cartography Environmental statistics Geographic information system Geostatistics Kriging

Category
Mathematics portal
Commons
WikiProject

Authority control
General	ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat
National libraries	Norway France (data) Germany United States Czech Republic Netherlands
Biographical dictionaries	Germany
Scientific databases	Mathematics Genealogy Project zbMATH
Other	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Social Networks and Archival Context SUDOC (France) 1

На других языках

[de] Thorvald Nicolai Thiele

Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (* 24. Dezember 1838 in Kopenhagen; † 26. September 1910 ebenda) war ein bedeutender dänischer Mathematiker und Astronom und gilt heute als einer der Begründer der modernen Versicherungsmathematik. Er verkehrte zeit seines Lebens am dänischen Königshof und gründete sowohl die Mathematische Gesellschaft als auch die Aktuarsvereinigung seines Landes.

- [en] Thorvald N. Thiele

[fr] Thorvald Nicolai Thiele

Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (24 décembre 1838 - 26 septembre 1910) était un astronome, actuaire et statisticien danois, connu surtout pour ses travaux dans les domaines de la statistique, de l'interpolation et du problème à trois corps.

[ru] Тиле, Торвальд Николай

Торвальд Николай Тиле (дат. Thorvald Nicolai Thiele, 1838—1910) — датский математик и астроном, считается одним из основателей актуарных расчётов.

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