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Anton M.J. "Tom" Gehrels[1] (February 21, 1925 – July 11, 2011) was a Dutch–American[2] astronomer, Professor of Planetary Sciences, and Astronomer at the University of Arizona, Tucson.

Tom Gehrels
Gehrels at Spacewatch Telescope 1980's
Born(1925-02-21)February 21, 1925
DiedJuly 11, 2011(2011-07-11) (aged 86)
Tucson, Arizona, United States
NationalityDutch–American
OccupationAstronomer

Biography



Youth and education


Gehrels was born at Haarlemmermeer, the Netherlands on February 21, 1925. He was born in bible-belt Netherlands, and was forced to attend church regularly, an act he despised. When he was older he rejoiced when he found out his childhood church had been destroyed.[3] During World War II he was, as a teenager, active in the Dutch Resistance.[1] After he escaped to England, he was sent back by parachute as an organizer for Special Operations Executive SOE committing sabotage against the German forces.[1]

After the war, he attended the University of Leiden where he graduated with a degree in physics and astronomy in 1951. He continued his education at the University of Chicago where he obtained his doctorate in astronomy and astrophysics in 1956 under Professor Gerard P. Kuiper[citation needed]. In 1960, he moved to the University of Arizona along with Gerard Kuiper where he would remain for the next 50 years.[4]


Astronomical work


Discovered comets (selection)
64P/Swift-Gehrels*8 February 1973
78P/Gehrels 229 September 1973
82P/Gehrels 327 October 1975
* in 1889 by Swift, rediscovered
Minor planets discovered: 4645[5]
1778 Alfvén26 September 1960
1864 Daedalus24 March 1971
1873 Agenor25 March 1971
1979 Sakharov24 September 1960
2247 Hiroshima24 September 1960
also see Discoveries by Tom Gehrels

Gehrels pioneered the first photometric system of asteroids in the 1950s, and wavelength dependence of polarization of stars and planets in the 1960s, each resulting in an extended sequence of papers in the Astronomical Journal.

He discovered, jointly with the husband and wife team of Cornelis Johannes van Houten and Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, over 4000 asteroids, including Apollo asteroids, Amor asteroids, as well as dozens of Trojan asteroids. That was done in a sky survey using the 48-inch Schmidt telescope at Palomar Observatory and shipping the plates to the two Dutch astronomers at Leiden Observatory, who analyzed them for new asteroids. The trio are jointly credited with several thousand discoveries. Gehrels also discovered a number of comets.

He was Principal Investigator for the Imaging Photopolarimeter experiment on the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 first flybys of Jupiter and Saturn in the 1970s.

Gehrels initiated the Space Science Series of textbooks, was General Editor for the first 30 volumes of the University of Arizona Press, and set the style by participating in the editing of six of them.[4] He also initiated the Spacewatch program in 1980 and was its Principal Investigator (PI) for electronic surveying to obtain statistics of asteroids and comets, including near-Earth asteroids. Bob McMillan was co-investigator and manager, and became the PI in 1997.

Gehrels taught an undergraduate course for non-science majors in Tucson in the Fall, and lectured a brief version of that in the Spring at the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad, India. His recent research was on cosmology and evolution of the universe,[4] which was woven in as the guiding thread through these courses. He was the named winner of the 2007 Harold Masursky Award for his outstanding service to planetary science.

Gehrels was requested by the Journal Nature to write a review on a book regarding Wernher von Braun, in which he quotes inmates of concentration camp Dora. He has therefore charged that von Braun was there regularly and much in charge, and that von Braun bears greater responsibility and guilt than his official biography would imply.[6] Towards the end of the book review it reads: Von Braun needs no phony defense, for he was a great man in his own scientific specialization... What is needed is a more sophisticated historical perspective....

Tom Gehrels was the husband of Aleida J. Gehrels (née de Stoppelaar) and father of Neil Gehrels, George Gehrels and Jo-Ann Gehrels. He died in Tucson, Arizona. The minor planet 1777 Gehrels was named in his honour.[7] The professional and personal papers of Tom Gehrels are held at the University of Arizona.


Career



Books



See also



References


  1. The University of Arizona (July 12, 2011). "Astronomer Tom Gehrels, 1925-2011". Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved 2013-06-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. Radio Netherlands Worldwide (July 13, 2011). "Dutch-American astronomer Tom Gehrels dies". Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  3. "REMEMBERING TOM GEHRELS (1925-2011)". I shook his bony hand. Suddenly he frowned and looked wounded, recalling the compulsory church visits in the small Dutch village of Halfweg, where he was raised. But then his face brightened again as he said: "Have you been there recently? They've torn it down! It's torn down!"
  4. New Netherland Institute. "Anton (Tom) Gehrels [1925-2011]". Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  5. "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  6. Of Truth and Consequences, Tom Gehrels (1994). Nature 372, 511-512
  7. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). "(1777) Gehrels". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1777) Gehrels. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 142. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1778. ISBN 978-3-540-29925-7.



На других языках


[de] Tom Gehrels

Tom Gehrels (* 21. Februar 1925 in Haarlemmermeer; † 11. Juli 2011 in Tucson) war ein in den Niederlanden geborener Astronom, der in den USA, seit 1961 an der University of Arizona, tätig war.
- [en] Tom Gehrels

[es] Tom Gehrels

Tom Gehrels (Haarlemmermeer, Países Bajos, 21 de febrero de 1925 - Tucson, Arizona, Estados Unidos, 11 de julio de 2011) fue un astrónomo estadounidense, profesor de Ciencias Planetarias y astrónomo en la Universidad de Arizona. Descubrió más de cuatro mil asteroides, entre los que se encuentran, por ejemplo, (1979) Sájarov, (2247) Hiroshima, (4065) Meinel y (11184) Postma.

[fr] Tom Gehrels

Tom Gehrels, né le 21 février 1925 à Haarlemmermeer et mort le 11 juillet 2011 à Tucson, est un astronome néerlando-américain.

[it] Tom Gehrels

Anton M. J. (Tom) Gehrels (Haarlem, 21 febbraio 1925 – Tucson, 11 luglio 2011) è stato un astronomo statunitense di origine olandese.

[ru] Герельс, Том

То́м Ге́рельс (нидерл. и англ. Tom Gehrels; 21 февраля 1925 (1925-02-21), Харлеммермер, Нидерланды — 11 июля 2011, Тусон, США[2]) — американский астроном, профессор астрономии и планетарных наук в Аризонском университете (Тусон).



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