astro.wikisort.org - Asteroid
Sylvia (minor planet designation: 87 Sylvia) is the one of the largest asteroids (approximately tied for 7th place, to within measurement uncertainties). It is the parent body of the Sylvia family and member of Cybele group located beyond the main asteroid belt (see minor-planet groups). Sylvia was the first asteroid known to possess more than one moon.
 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Norman Robert Pogson |
| Discovery date | May 16, 1866 |
| Designations | |
MPC designation | (87) Sylvia |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsɪlviə/[1] |
Named after | Rhea Silvia |
Alternative designations | A909 GA |
Minor planet category | main belt · (outside core) Sylvia · Cybele |
| Adjectives | Sylvian /ˈsɪlviən/ |
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |
| Epoch July 01, 2021 (JD 2459396.5, heliocentric) | |
| Aphelion | 3.81 AU (560 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 3.15 AU (480 Gm) |
Semi-major axis | 3.48 AU (520 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.094 |
Orbital period (sidereal) | 6.5 a (2372 d) |
Average orbital speed | 15.94 km/s[citation needed] |
Mean anomaly | 213° |
Mean motion | 0° 9m 6.48s / day |
| Inclination | 10.9° |
Longitude of ascending node | 73° |
Argument of perihelion | 263° |
| Known satellites | 2 |
| Physical characteristics[3] | |
| Dimensions | (363 × 249 × 191) ±5 km (MPCD) or (374 × 248 × 194) ±5 km (ADAM) |
Mean diameter | 271±5 km (MPCD) or 274±5 km (ADAM) |
| Volume | (10.5±0.2)×107 km3 (MPCD) or (10.8±0.2)×107 km3 (ADAM) |
| Mass | (14.76±0.06)×1018 kg[4] (14.6±0.1)×1018 kg[5] |
Mean density | 1.378±0.045 g/cm3[citation needed] |
Synodic rotation period | 0.2160 d (5.183641±0.000039 h) |
North pole right ascension | 14.3°±5° |
North pole declination | +83.5°±5° |
Pole ecliptic latitude | +64.2°±5° |
Pole ecliptic longitude | 75.3°±5° |
Geometric albedo | 0.0435 [6] |
Spectral type | X [7] |
Absolute magnitude (H) | 6.94 |
Discovery and naming
Sylvia was discovered by N. R. Pogson on May 16, 1866, from Madras (Chennai), India.[8] Antonio Paluzie-Borrell, writing in Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets (1955), mistakenly states that the name honors Sylvie Petiaux-Hugo Flammarion, the first wife of astronomer Camille Flammarion. In fact, in the article announcing the discovery of the asteroid, Pogson explained that he selected the name in reference to Rhea Silvia, mother of Romulus and Remus (MNRAS, 1866).
Physical characteristics
Sylvia is very dark in color and probably has a primitive composition, though with some internal differentiation. The discovery of its moons made possible an accurate measurement of the asteroid's mass, density and mass distribution. Its density is low (around 1.4 times the density of water), indicating that the asteroid is porous; best-fit models estimate it had an original composition by volume of 35% rock, 13% ice and 52% internal voids, and that today it consists of a pristine anhydrous outer layer, and a differentiated interior, with meltwater having percolated inward so that the porosity of the rock is filled with ice out to a radius of about 46 km, then ice-free porous rock out to about 104 km.[3]
Sylvia is a fairly fast rotator, turning about its axis every 5.2 hours, giving it an equatorial rotation velocity of about 65 m/s, almost half the escape velocity.
Sylvia's shape is flattened and elongated (a/b ≈ 1.45 ; a/c ≈ 1.84) and somewhat irregular. However, its surface has not been imaged well enough for individual features to be resolved.
Satellite system
Sylvia has two orbiting satellites. They have been named (87) Sylvia I Romulus and (87) Sylvia II Remus, after Romulus and Remus, the children of the mythological Rhea Silvia.
Romulus, the first moon, was discovered on February 18, 2001, from the Keck II telescope by Michael E. Brown and Jean-Luc Margot. Remus, the second moon, was discovered over three years later on August 9, 2004, by Franck Marchis of UC Berkeley, and Pascal Descamps, Daniel Hestroffer, and Jérôme Berthier of the Observatoire de Paris, France.
The orbital properties of the satellites are listed in this table.[3][9] The orbital planes of both satellites and the equatorial plane of the primary asteroid are all well-aligned. Diameters are estimates based on the assumption that the moons have the same albedo as their primary.
| Name | Mass [kg] | Diameter [km] | Semi-major axis [km] | Orbital period [days] | Eccentricity | Inclination [°] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remus | (0.8±0.2)×1015 | 10+17 −6 | 694.2±0.1 | 1.3570±0.0003 | 0.005+0.010 −0.002 | 8.7±1.8 |
| Romulus | (1.4±0.4)×1015 | 15+10 −6 | 1340.6±0.4 | 3.64126±0.00002 | 0.000+0.003 −0.000 | 7.4±0.5 |
References
- Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
- JPL data Retrieved 2021-09-29
- Carry et al. (2021) 'Evidence for differentiation of the most primitive small bodies'. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press.
- F. Marchis; et al. (2005). "Discovery of the triple asteroidal system 87 Sylvia" (PDF). Nature. 436 (7052): 822–4. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..822M. doi:10.1038/nature04018. PMID 16094362.
- Margot and Brown (2001), from Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey Archived 2009-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
- PDS spectral class data Archived 2009-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
- Pogson, N. R. (1866), Minor Planet (87) Sylvia, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 26, p. 311 (June 1866)
- Errors were published as 3 sigma. To maintain consistency with the table for Sylvia, they have here been reduced to 1 sigma.
External links
- Pogson, N. R. (1866), Minor Planet (87) Sylvia, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 26, p. 311 (June 1866)
- Data on (87) Sylvia from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
- Rubble-Pile Minor Planet Sylvia and Her Twins (ESO news release, August 2005) Includes images and artists impressions
- Adaptive Optics System Reveals New Asteroidal Satellite (SpaceDaily.com, March 2001) Includes a discovery image.
- Space.com: First asteroid trio discovered
- IAUC 7588, reporting discovery of S/2001 (87) 1
- IAUC 7590, confirming the discovery
- IAUC 8582, reporting discovery of S/2004 (87) 1 and naming Romulus and Remus
- An animation of (87) Sylvia and its moons (on Vimeo)
- Shape model derived from lightcurve (on page 19)
- Instability zones for satellites of asteroids. The example of the (87) Sylvia system (arXiv:1112.5363 / 22 December 2011)
- Orbits, masses, and evolution of main belt triple (87) Sylvia (arXiv:1206.5755 / 25 Jun 2012)
- Occultation of TYC 1856-00745-1 by (87) Sylvia and by its satellite Romulus Archived 30 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine (E. Frappa, A. Klotz, P. Dubreuil)
- 87 Sylvia at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 87 Sylvia at the JPL Small-Body Database
На других языках
[de] (87) Sylvia
(87) Sylvia ist ein Asteroid, der sich im äußeren Bereich des Asteroiden-Hauptgürtels bewegt. Mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 253 km ist Sylvia der achtgrößte Asteroid des Hauptgürtels.- [en] 87 Sylvia
[es] (87) Sylvia
(87) Sylvia es un asteroide que forma parte del cinturón exterior de asteroides y fue descubierto por Norman Robert Pogson el 16 de mayo de 1866 desde el observatorio de Madrás, la India.[ru] (87) Сильвия
(87) Си́львия (лат. Sylvia) — тройной астероид главного пояса, который принадлежит к семейству Кибелы. Открыт 16 мая 1866 года английским астрономом Норманом Погсоном в Мадрасской обсерватории и назван в честь Реи Сильвии, — матери братьев Ромула и Рема, легендарных основателей Рима, в честь которых названы спутники астероида[8]. По другой версии назван в честь жены популяризатора астрономии Камиля Фламмариона[9].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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