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Armagh Observatory is an astronomical research institute in Armagh, Northern Ireland. Around 25 astronomers are based at the observatory, studying stellar astrophysics, the Sun, Solar System astronomy and Earth's climate.

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Armagh Observatory

Observatory code	981
Location	Armagh, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
Coordinates	54°21′12″N 6°39′00″W
Established	1789
Website	armagh.ac.uk
Location of Armagh Observatory
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In 2018, Armagh Observatory was recognized for having 224 years of unbroken weather records.[1]

History

The Observatory is located close to the centre of the city of Armagh, adjacent to the Armagh Planetarium in approximately 14 acres (57,000 m²) of landscaped grounds known as the Armagh Astropark. It was founded in 1789 by The Most Rev. and Rt Hon. The 1st Baron Rokeby, Church of Ireland Lord Primate of All Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Armagh.

In 1795 through 1797 Solar observations were made at Armagh, including measurements of sunspots.[2]

Ernst Julius Öpik (grandfather of Lembit Öpik MP) was based here for over 30 years and among his many contributions to astrophysics he wrote of the dangers of an asteroid impacting on the Earth.

One of the observatory's directors, Thomas Robinson invented the cup anemometer.[3] (a device for measuring wind speed)[3]

In 1949, a plan was put forth to establish an Armagh Planetarium.[4] Eventually, in 1968 the Planetarium was founded, under its first Director, Patrick Moore. It celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2018.[5]

In 2018, the observatory was given an award by Centennial Weather Station Award from the World Meteorological Organisation for 224 years of unbroken weather recordings.[1] The records go back to 1794 and are also made available on the internet in the early 21st century.[1]

In modern times the Observatory along with the nearby Planetarium and 14-acre Astropark are noted tourist attraction and education centre.[6] The gardens, historical telescopes, and various astronomically related devices such as sundials are among some of the exhibits for visitors.[6]

Facilities

There are scale models of the Solar System and the Universe, two sundials and historic telescopes, as well as telescope domes and other outdoor exhibits. The Human Orrery, launched in 2004, is located close to the main Observatory building. The Observatory's specialist library and archives, and collections of scientific instruments and artefacts associated with the development of modern astronomy, represent one of the leading collections of its kind in the British Isles.

Instruments

A Troughton refracting telescope of 2.5 inch aperture was installed in a dome in 1795.[7] The telescope was manufactured by J & E Troughton of London, and is noted for its late 18th century brass metal work.[7] This is also called the Troughton Equatorial Telescope, for having an equatorial mounting.[7]

The observatory has an Earnshaw Regulator.[7] It is a type of clock invented in 1791 by Thomas Earnshaw which was valued for its accuracy. [8] Earnshaw travelled with it to Armagh to set it up in the new Observatory.

In the early 1800s it was reported to have a mural circle instrument.[9] Another instrument at the observatory is a sunshine recorder.[1]

In the 1830s the observatory bought a 15-inch reflecting telescope from Grubb.[10] The telescope used a metal mirror mounted on an equatorial mount with clockwork-drive.[10]

In 1885, a ten-inch aperture objective lens telescope was installed, also a Grubb telescope.[11] This was installed in the Robinson dome.[11]

The observatory also has some meridian marks in the area, which look like stone arches that were used to mark the location of the meridian for astronomical instruments.[12] There is also another that is an iron obelisk.[12] The first meridian mark was built in 1793, and is in Tullyard, and it was used with the transit instrument.[12]

In 2005, two wide-angle cameras for a meteor detection systems were installed.[13]

Research

The records of temperature take at Armagh Observatory between 1844 and 2004 were analyzed in 2006 research paper.[14]

List of directors

Directors of Armagh Observatory

James Archibald Hamilton	1790 - 1815
William Davenport	1815 - 1823
Thomas Romney Robinson	1823 - 1882
John Louis Emil Dreyer	1882 - 1916
Joseph A. Hardcastle	1917
WFA Ellison	1918 - 1936
Eric Mervyn Lindsay	1937 - 1974
Mart de Groot	1976 - 1994
Mark E. Bailey	1995 - 2016

Directors of Armagh Observatory and Planetarium

Michael G. Burton[15]

2016 -

See also

• Royal Astronomical Society
• Markree Observatory (Irish observatory 1830s-1900, discovered 9 Metis)
• List of astronomical observatories
• List of largest optical telescopes in the British Isles

References

External links

• Official website
• A Visit to Armagh Observatory, AAVSO

На других языках

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- [en] Armagh Observatory

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[es] Observatorio de Armagh

El Observatorio de Armagh (en inglés:Armagh Observatory) es un centro moderno de investigación astronómica con un rico patrimonio, situado en Armagh, Irlanda del Norte, Reino Unido.

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[ru] Арманская обсерватория

Арманская обсерватория — астрономическая обсерватория, основанная в 1789 году в городе Арма, Северная Ирландия, Великобритания.

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