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Seleucus of Seleucia (Greek: Σέλευκος Seleukos; born c. 190 BC; fl. c. 150 BC) was a Hellenistic astronomer and philosopher.[1] Coming from Seleucia on the Tigris, Mesopotamia, the capital of the Seleucid Empire, or, alternatively, Seleukia on the Erythraean Sea,[2] he is best known as a proponent of heliocentrism[3][4][5] and for his theory of the origin of tides.

Seleucus of Seleucia
Σέλευκος ὁ Σελεύκειος
Born	c. 190 BC Seleucia, Seleucid Empire
Died	c. 150 BC unknown
Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy Philosophy

Heliocentric theory

Seleucus is known to have supported the heliocentric theory of Aristarchus of Samos, which stated that the Earth rotated around its own axis which in turn revolved around the Sun.[6][7] According to Plutarch, Seleucus was the first to demonstrate the heliocentric system through reasoning, but it is not known what arguments he used.[8] According to Bartel Leendert van der Waerden, Seleucus may have constructed his heliocentric theory by determining the constants of a geometric model and by developing methods to compute planetary positions using this model, as Nicolaus Copernicus later did in the 16th century. He may have used trigonometric methods that were available in his time, as he was a contemporary of Hipparchus.[9]

Since the time of Heraclides Ponticus (387 BC–312 BC), the inferior planets Mercury and Venus have been at times named solar planets, as their positions diverge from the Sun by only a small angle.

According to the Greek geographer Strabo, Seleucus was also the first to assume the universe to be infinite.[10] None of his original writings have survived,^{[citation needed]} though a fragment of his work has survived only in Arabic translation, which was later referred to by the Persian philosopher Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (865–925).[11]

Tides

This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (December 2020)

According to Lucio Russo, Seleucus' arguments for a heliocentric theory were probably related to the phenomenon of tides.[12] The annual cycle of tides (which was studied by Seleucus) can indeed hardly be explained in a geocentric system. Seleucus correctly theorized that tides were caused by the Moon, explaining that the interaction was mediated by the pneuma. He noted that the tides varied in time and strength in different parts of the world. According to Lucio Russo, Seleucus ascribed tides both to the Moon and to a whirling motion of the Earth, which could be interpreted as the motion of the Earth around the Earth-Moon center of mass.

According to Strabo (1.1.9),^{[failed verification]} Seleucus was the first to state that the tides are due to the attraction of the Moon, and that the height of the tides depends on the Moon's position relative to the Sun.[10]

Seleucus in Strabo

Seleucus is known from the writings of Plutarch, Aetius, and Strabo, all of whom were Greeks, and the Persian Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi. Strabo lists Seleucus as one of the four most influential "Chaldean" astronomers:

In Chapter XVI of his Geographia, Strabo mentions several "Chaldaen" astronomers. At the end he adds: "Seleukios of Seleukia was a Chaldaean too." ... Babylonian astrologers and astronomers were often called "Chaldaeans." Strabo calls them "the so-called Chaldaeans". Their writings were translated into Greek and used by later authors like Geminos. The "Chaldaean" astronomers mentioned by Strabo are Kidenas, Naburianos, Sudines, and Seleukos. The first two are also known from astronomical cuneiform texts under their Akkadian names Nabu-Rimannu and Kidinnu.[10]

See also

• Babylonian astronomy
• Greek astronomy
• Discourse on the Tides

References

Sources

• Neugebauer, O. (1945), "The History of Ancient Astronomy. Problems and Methods", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 4 (1): 1–38, doi:10.1086/370729
• Sarton, George (1955), "Chaldaean Astronomy of the Last Three Centuries B. C.", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 75 (3): 166–173, doi:10.2307/595168
• Van der Waerden, B. L. (1987), "The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 500: 525–545, Bibcode:1987NYASA.500..525V, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37224.x

На других языках

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[de] Seleukos von Seleukeia

Seleukos von Seleukeia (auch Seleukos von Babylon; * um 190 v. Chr.) war ein griechischer Astronom des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Da sich Poseidonios auf ihn bezieht, kann er nicht später als dieser gelebt haben.

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- [en] Seleucus of Seleucia

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[es] Seleuco de Seleucia

Seleuco de Seleucia (en griego, Σέλευκος Seleukos), nacido en Seleucia[1][2][3] en el 190 a. C.) fue un astrónomo, profesor, y filósofo griego, y uno de los pocos defensores de la teoría heliocéntrica de Aristarco de Samos.[4][5][6] Puede haber nacido en Seleucia del Tigris (capital del Imperio seléucida) o en Seleucia sobre el Mar Rojo.

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[it] Seleuco di Seleucia

Seleuco di Seleucia, noto anche come Seleuco di Babilonia (Seleucia al Tigri, ... – ...; fl. 150 a.C.), è stato un filosofo e astronomo greco antico. Essendo andate perse le sue opere, le sole notizie su di lui sono trasmesse da pochi brani di Plutarco, Aezio e Strabone.

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[ru] Селевк (астроном)

Селевк (астроном) (ок. 190 до н. э. — после 150 до н. э.) — античный (эллинистический месопотамский) философ и астроном. Видимо, родился в городе Селевкия на реке Тигр (Вавилония), столице империи Селевкидов. Альтернативная точка зрения считает его родным городом Селевкию на Красном (Эритрейском) море, поскольку доксограф Аэтий, следуя Стобею, называет его Σελευκοζ ο Ερυθραιοζ.

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