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Gliese 1214 is a dim M4.5[4] red dwarf in the constellation Ophiuchus with an apparent magnitude of 14.7.[3] It is located at a distance of approximately 47 light years from Earth.[12] The star is about one-fifth the radius of the Sun[13] with a surface temperature estimated to be 3,110 K (2,840 °C; 5,140 °F).[9] Its luminosity is only 0.35% that of the Sun.[9]

Gliese 1214

Gliese 1214 is a M-class dwarf star
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Ophiuchus[1]
Right ascension 17h 15m 18.9337s[2]
Declination +04° 57′ 50.0646″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 14.71±0.03[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type M4.5[4]
Apparent magnitude (B) 16.40[5]
Apparent magnitude (R) 14.394 ± 0.17[5]
Apparent magnitude (I) 11.52 ± 0.03[3]
Apparent magnitude (J) 9.750±0.024[6]
Apparent magnitude (H) 9.094±0.024[6]
Apparent magnitude (K) 8.782±0.020[6]
B−V color index 1.73[7]
V−R color index 0.9
R−I color index 2.7
Variable type planetary transit[8]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+21.1±1.0[3] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 580.447±0.479[2]> mas/yr
Dec.: −749.588±0.221[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)68.2653 ± 0.1723 mas[2]
Distance47.8 ± 0.1 ly
(14.65 ± 0.04 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)14.10
Details
Mass0.181±0.005[9] M☉
Radius0.204±0.0085[9] R☉
Luminosity0.00351±0.00009[9] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.991±0.029[8] cgs
Temperature3,111+69
−66[9] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.11±0.09[9] dex
Rotation125±5 d[10]
Age5–10[11] Gyr
Other designations
LHS 3275, G 139-21, NLTT 44431, 2MASS J17151894+0457496, LSPM J1715+0457, UBV M 53793, USNO-B1.0 0949-00280047, GEN# +9.80139021.[5]
Database references
SIMBADdata
Exoplanet Archivedata
ARICNSdata
Extrasolar Planets
Encyclopaedia		data

The estimate for the stellar radius is 15% larger than predicted by theoretical models.[8] It also shows a 1% intrinsic variability in the near-infrared probably caused by stellar spots.[3] The star is rotating slowly, with a period that is most likely an integer multiple of 53 days. It is probably at least three billion years old and a member of the old thin disk of the Milky Way.[3] Although GJ 1214 has a low to moderate level of magnetic activity, it does undergo flares and is a source of X-ray emission with a base luminosity of 7.4×1025 erg s−1. The temperature of the stellar corona is estimated to be about 3.5×106 K.[11]


Planetary system


In mid-December 2009, a team of Harvard-Smithsonian astronomers announced the discovery of a companion extrasolar planet, Gliese 1214 b, potentially composed largely of water and having the mass and diameter of a super-Earth.[8][13]

The Gliese 1214 planetary system[3][8]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 8.17±0.43[14] M🜨 0.0143 ± 0.0019 1.58040456 ± 1.6x10−7[15] <0.27 88.17° 2.742+0.050
−0.053[14] R🜨
This artist's impression shows how the newly discovered super-Earth orbiting the nearby star GJ 1214 may look. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada
This artist's impression shows how the newly discovered super-Earth orbiting the nearby star GJ 1214 may look. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada

Discovered by the MEarth project and investigated further by the HARPS spectrograph on ESO’s 3.6-metre telescope at La Silla, GJ 1214 b is the second super-Earth exoplanet for which astronomers have determined the mass and radius, giving vital clues about its structure. It is also the first super-Earth around which an atmosphere has been found. A search for additional planets using transit timing variations was negative.[3]

No transit-time variations have yet been found for this transit. As of 2012, "the given data does not allow us to conclude that there is a [second] planet in the mass range 0.1–5 Earth-masses and the period range 0.76–1.23 or 1.91–3.18 days."[15] The X-ray flux from the host star is estimated to have stripped 2–5.6 MEarth from the planet over the lifetime of the system.[11]

In August 2022, this planetary system was included among 20 systems to be named by the third NameExoWorlds project.[16]


See also



References


  1. Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
  2. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. Berta, Zachory K.; et al. (2011). "The GJ1214 Super-Earth System: Stellar Variability, New Transits, and a Search for Additional Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 736 (1). 12. arXiv:1012.0518. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...12B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/12. S2CID 118428858.
  4. Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; et al. (2010). "Metal-rich M-Dwarf Planet Hosts: Metallicities with K-band Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 720 (1): L113–L118. arXiv:1007.4593. Bibcode:2010ApJ...720L.113R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/720/1/L113. S2CID 118378322.
  5. "Gliese 1214". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  6. Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131: 1163–1183. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. Vizier catalog entry
  7. van Altena, William F.; et al. The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Stellar Parallaxes. Yale University Observatory. ASIN B000UG5T6Y.Vizier catalog entry
  8. Charbonneau, David; et al. (2009). "A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star". Nature. 462 (7275): 891–894. arXiv:0912.3229. Bibcode:2009Natur.462..891C. doi:10.1038/nature08679. PMID 20016595. S2CID 4360404.
  9. Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. S2CID 235435757. 40.
  10. Mallonn, M.; et al. (2018). "GJ 1214: Rotation period, starspots, and uncertainty on the optical slope of the transmission spectrum". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 614. A35. arXiv:1803.05677. Bibcode:2018A&A...614A..35M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732300. S2CID 73721250.
  11. Lalitha, S.; et al. (July 2014). "X-Ray Emission from the Super-Earth Host GJ 1214". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 790 (1): 5. arXiv:1407.2741. Bibcode:2014ApJ...790L..11L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/790/1/L11. S2CID 118774018. L11.
  12. Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; Boss, Alan P.; Weinberger, Alycia J.; Lloyd, James P. (2012). "GJ 1214b revised. Improved trigonometric parallax, stellar parameters, orbital solution, and bulk properties for the super-Earth GJ 1214b". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 551: A48. arXiv:1210.8087v3. Bibcode:2013A&A...551A..48A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219250. S2CID 55117987.
  13. David A. Aguilar (2009-12-16). "Astronomers Find Super-Earth Using Amateur, Off-the-Shelf Technology". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
  14. Cloutier, Ryan; Charbonneau, David; Deming, Drake; Bonfils, Xavier; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola (2021), A More Precise Mass for GJ 1214 b and the Frequency of Multi-Planet Systems Around Mid-M Dwarfs, arXiv:2107.14732
  15. Kennet B. W. Harpsøe; et al. (2012). "The Transiting System Gliese 1214". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 549: A10. arXiv:1207.3064. Bibcode:2013A&A...549A..10H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219996. S2CID 53418632.
  16. "List of ExoWorlds 2022". nameexoworlds.iau.org. IAU. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.



На других языках

[de] GJ 1214

GJ 1214 (Gliese 1214) ist ein 48 Lichtjahre von der Erde entfernter Roter Zwerg im Sternbild Schlangenträger. Er besitzt rund 15 % der Sonnenmasse und ist weitaus leuchtschwächer als diese. Die Effektivtemperatur von GJ 1214 liegt bei etwa 3000 K. In einem Abstand von etwa 0,014 AE umkreist ihn GJ 1214 b, eine sogenannte Supererde.[4]
- [en] Gliese 1214

[es] GJ 1214

GJ 1214 (LHS 3275 / G 139-21)[1] es una estrella de magnitud aparente +14,67. Está encuadrada en la constelación de Ofiuco, visualmente a 22 minutos de arco de la variable UY Ophiuchi. En diciembre de 2009 se descubrió un planeta en órbita alrededor de esta estrella.

[ru] GJ 1214

GJ 1214 или Глизе 1214 — одиночная звезда в созвездии Змееносца. Находится на расстоянии примерно 40 световых лет от Солнца.


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