9 Aurigae (9 Aur) is a star system in Auriga (constellation). It has an apparent magnitude of about 5, making it visible to the naked eye in many suburban skies.[13] Parallax estimates made by the Hipparcos spacecraft put it at about 85.7 light-years (26.3 parsecs) from the solar system.[1]
A visual band light curve for 9 Aurigae, adapted from Krisciunas et al. (1993)[14]
It is a well-studied Gamma Doradus variable,[5] and was one of the first stars to be so-classified.[15] This star type varies in luminosity due to non-radial pulsations.[15] Its apparent magnitude varies from 4.93 to 5.03 over a period of 1.25804 days.[2] For that reason it has been given the variable star designationV398 Aurigae.[2]
9 Aurigae is a multiple star system. The naked-eye component A is a single-lined spectroscopic binary. Only the signature of an F-type main sequence star can be seen in the spectrum, but the periodic doppler shift of the absorption lines demonstrates that there is a hidden companion in a 391.7-day orbit. The gravitational interaction of the two bodies produces variations in their respective motions, which is what creates the doppler shift.[7]
Four other companions to 9 Aurigae are listed in multiple star catalogs,[16][17] all thought to be common proper motion companions at the same distance from us as 9 Aurigae.[7][10][12][18] The closest companion is a 12th-magnitude red dwarf 5″ away.[5]90″ away is component C, a 9th-magnitude star with a spectral class of K5Ve,[19] which may also be a spectroscopic binary.[8] Further-separated still is a 14th-magnitude star, component D, thought to be a more distant red giant.[20][18] The most widely-separated companion is component E, another distant star.[20][21]
Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; etal. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....1.2025S.
Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID119476992.
Abt, Helmut A. (1965). "The Frequency of Binaries among Normal A-Type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 11: 429. Bibcode:1965ApJS...11..429A. doi:10.1086/190120.
"HR 1637". Multiple Star Catalog. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
Newton, Elisabeth R.; Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L.; Mink, Jessica (2017). "The Hα Emission of Nearby M Dwarfs and its Relation to Stellar Rotation". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 85. arXiv:1611.03509. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...85N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/85. S2CID55000202.
Bortle, John E. (February 2001). "The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale". Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing Corporation. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (August 1993). "The 9 Aurigae system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263: 781–788. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
Krisciunas, K.; Griffin, R. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Luedeke, K. D.; McCook, G. P. (1995). "9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 273 (3): 662. arXiv:astro-ph/9407094. Bibcode:1995MNRAS.273..662K. doi:10.1093/mnras/273.3.662. S2CID117588180.
Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition". Com. De l'Observ. Royal de Belgique. 115: 1. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115....1D.
Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Morales, J. C.; Caballero, J. A.; Montes, D.; Klutsch, A.; Mundt, R.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, Ansgar; Amado, P. J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Jeffers, S. V. (2015). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs"(PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 577: A128. arXiv:1502.07580. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525803. S2CID53135130.
Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (1993). "The 9 Aurigae system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263 (3): 781–788. arXiv:astro-ph/9304008. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.263..781K. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781. S2CID18596475.
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