astro.wikisort.org - StarPSR B1919+21 is a pulsar with a period of 1.3373 seconds[4] and a pulse width of 0.04 seconds. Discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell on 28 November 1967, it is the first discovered radio pulsar.[5] The power and regularity of the signals were briefly thought to resemble an extraterrestrial beacon, leading the source to be nicknamed LGM, later LGM-1 (for "little green men").[6]
Pulsar in the constellation Vulpecula
PSR B1919+21
 Chart on which Jocelyn Bell Burnell first recognised evidence of PSR B1919+21, exhibited at Cambridge University Library |
Observation data Epoch J2000 (ICRS) Equinox J2000 (ICRS) |
Constellation |
Vulpecula |
Right ascension |
19h 21m 44.815s[1] |
Declination |
+21° 53′ 02.25″[1] |
Characteristics |
Evolutionary stage |
Pulsar |
Astrometry |
---|
|
---|
Distance | 1000+2600 −700 ly (300+800 −200[2] pc) |
|
Details |
---|
|
---|
Mass | ~1.4 M☉ |
Radius | ~1.4 × 10−5 R☉ |
Luminosity | 0.006[3] L☉ |
Rotation | 1.3373 s[4] |
Age | 16[3] Myr |
|
Other designations |
---|
PSR J1921+2153, PSR 1921+2153, PSR B1919+21, PSR 1919+21, WSTB 12W15, CP 1919+21, CP 1919, LGM-1 |
Database references |
---|
SIMBAD | data |
The original designation of this pulsar was CP 1919, which stands for Cambridge Pulsar at RA 19h 19m .[7] It is also known as PSR J1921+2153 and is located in the constellation of Vulpecula.
Discovery
In 1967, a radio signal was detected using the Interplanetary Scintillation Array of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in Cambridge, UK, by Jocelyn Bell Burnell. The signal had a 1.337302088331-second period and 0.04-second pulsewidth.[4] It originated at celestial coordinates 19h 19m right ascension, +21° declination. It was detected by individual observation of miles of graphical data traces. Due to its almost perfect regularity, it was at first assumed to be spurious noise, but this hypothesis was promptly discarded. The discoverers jokingly named it little green men 1 (LGM-1), considering that it may have originated from an extraterrestrial civilization, but Bell Burnell soon ruled out extraterrestrial life as a source after discovering a similar signal from another part of the sky.[6]
The original signal turned out to be radio emissions from the pulsar CP 1919, and was the first one recognized as such. Bell Burnell noted that other scientists could have discovered pulsars before her, but their observations were either ignored or disregarded. Researchers Thomas Gold and Fred Hoyle identified this astronomical object as a rapidly rotating neutron star immediately upon their announcement.[citation needed]
Before the nature of the signal was determined, the researchers, Bell Burnell and her PhD supervisor Antony Hewish, considered the possibility of extraterrestrial life:[8]
We did not really believe that we had picked up signals from another civilization, but obviously the idea had crossed our minds and we had no proof that it was an entirely natural radio emission. It is an interesting problem – if one thinks one may have detected life elsewhere in the universe[,] how does one announce the results responsibly? Who does one tell first?
Nobel Prize controversy
When Antony Hewish and Martin Ryle received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1974 for their work in radio astronomy and pulsars, Fred Hoyle, Hewish's fellow astronomer, argued that Jocelyn Bell Burnell should have been a co-recipient of the prize.[9]
In 2018, Bell won the $3-Million Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for her work.[10]
Cultural references
The English post-punk band Joy Division used an image of CP 1919's radio pulses on the cover of their 1979 debut album, Unknown Pleasures.[11][12][13]
German-born British composer Max Richter wrote a piece inspired by the discovery of CP1919 titled Journey (CP1919).[14]
The English indie rock band Arctic Monkeys used a sound based on the pulses in their music video for "Four Out of Five."[15][16]
See also
References
- Hobbs, G.; Lyne, A. G.; Kramer, M.; Martin, C. E.; Jordan, C. (2004). "Long-term timing observations of 374 pulsars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 353 (4): 1311. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.353.1311H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08157.x.
- Verbiest, J. P. W.; Weisberg, J. M.; Chael, A. A.; Lee, K. J.; Lorimer, D. R. (2012). "On Pulsar Distance Measurements and Their Uncertainties". The Astrophysical Journal. 755 (1): 39. arXiv:1206.0428. Bibcode:2012ApJ...755...39V. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/39. S2CID 118610470.
- "The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue". Retrieved 2010-02-11.
- Arzoumanian, Z.; Nice, D. J.; Taylor, J. H.; Thorsett, S. E. (1994). "Timing behavior of 96 radio pulsars". Astrophysical Journal. 422 (2): 671. Bibcode:1994ApJ...422..671A. doi:10.1086/173760.
- "Pulsar is 1st observed, November 28, 1967". EDN Network. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
- "This Month in Physics History: February 1968: Discovery of pulsars announced". www.aps.org.
- Basu, Baidyanath (2003-02-01). An Introduction to Astrophysics. p. 325. ISBN 978-81-203-1121-3.
- Burnell, S. Jocelyn Bell (2004-09-21) [1977]. "Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars?". Cosmic Search Magazine. Retrieved 2013-07-28. (after-dinner speech given at the Eighth Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics; first published in Bell Burnell, S. Jocelyn (1977). "Petit Four". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 302: 685–9. Bibcode:1977NYASA.302..685B. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb37085.x. S2CID 222086632.)
- Judson, Horace Freeland (2003-10-20). "No Nobel Prize for whining". The New York Times.
- Billings, Lee. "Pulsar Discoverer Jocelyn Bell Burnell Wins $3-Million Breakthrough Prize". Scientific American. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
- Capriola, Adam (2011-05-19). "The History of Joy Division's "Unknown Pleasures" Album Art". Adamcap.com. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
- "Unknown Pleasures". Joy Division. June 1979. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
- Christiansen, Jen (2015-02-18). "Pop Culture Pulsar: Origin Story of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures Album Cover". Scientific American. Retrieved 2015-10-04.
- "Journey (CP1919) Performed by Aurora Orchestra". 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
- "Arctic Monkeys - Four Out Of Five (Official Video)". from 0:16-0:45 and 2:57-3:13.
- "The Great Silence by LEMMiNO". from 0:05-1:16
Further reading
External links
Neutron star |
---|
Types | |
---|
Single pulsars |
- Magnetar
- Rotating radio transient
|
---|
Binary pulsars |
- Binary
- X-ray pulsar
- Millisecond
- Nanosecond
- Be/X-ray
- Spin-up
- Hulse-Taylor binary
|
---|
Properties |
- Blitzar
- Bondi accretion
- Chandrasekhar limit
- Gamma-ray burst
- Glitch
- Neutronium
- Neutron-star oscillation
- Optical
- Pulsar kick
- Quasi-periodic oscillation
- Relativistic
- Rp-process
- Starquake
- Timing noise
- Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
- Urca process
- Anti Glitch
- Microquasar
|
---|
Related | |
---|
Discovery | |
---|
Satellite investigation | |
---|
Other |
- X-ray pulsar-based navigation
- Tempo software program
- Astropulse
- The Magnificent Seven
|
---|
|
|
---|
Events and objects | |
---|
Signals of interest | Misidentified |
- CP 1919 (misidentified pulsar)
- CTA-102 (misidentified quasar)
|
---|
Stars | |
---|
Other |
- SHGb02+14a (radio source)
- Wow! signal (inconclusive)
- Fast radio burst (unknown origin)
- BLC1 (radio signal)
|
---|
|
---|
Life in the Universe |
- Earliest known life forms
- Habitability of Enceladus
- Habitability of Europa
- Habitability of Mars
- Habitability of Titan
- Habitability of Venus
|
---|
Planetary habitability | |
---|
Space missions |
- Beagle 2
- Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
- BioSentinel
- Curiosity rover
- Darwin
- Dragonfly
- Enceladus Explorer
- Enceladus Life Finder
- Europa Clipper
- ExoMars
- ExoLance
- EXPOSE
- Foton-M3
- Icebreaker Life
- Journey to Enceladus and Titan
- Laplace-P
- Life Investigation For Enceladus
- Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
- Mars Geyser Hopper
- Mars sample-return mission
- Mars 2020
- Northern Light
- Opportunity rover
- SpaceX Red Dragon
- Spirit rover
- Tanpopo
- Titan Mare Explorer
- Venus In Situ Explorer
- Viking 1
- Viking 2
|
---|
Interstellar communication |
- Active SETI
- Allen Telescope Array
- Arecibo message
- Arecibo Observatory
- Berkeley SETI Research Center
- Bracewell probe
- Breakthrough Initiatives
- Breakthrough Listen
- Breakthrough Message
- Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
- Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal
- Astrolinguistics
- Lincos language
- NIROSETI
- Pioneer plaque
- Project Cyclops
- Project Ozma
- Project Phoenix
- SERENDIP
- Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
- SETI@home
- setiQuest
- Voyager Golden Record
- Water hole
- Xenolinguistics
|
---|
Exhibitions | |
---|
Hypotheses |
- Aestivation hypothesis
- Cosmic pluralism
- Directed panspermia
- Drake equation
- Extraterrestrial hypothesis
- Fermi paradox
- Great Filter
- Hypothetical types of biochemistry
- Interplanetary contamination
- Kardashev scale
- Mediocrity principle
- Neocatastrophism
- Panspermia
- Planetarium hypothesis
- Rare Earth hypothesis
- Zoo hypothesis
|
---|
Related topics |
- Ancient astronauts
- Astrobiology
- Astroecology
- Biosignature
- Brookings Report
- Planetary protection
- Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
- Post-detection policy
- Exotheology
- Extraterrestrials in fiction
- Extremophile
- MERMOZ
- Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
- Noogenesis
- San Marino Scale
- Technosignature
- UFO religion
- Xenoarchaeology
|
---|
Constellation of Vulpecula |
---|
|
Stars | Bayer | |
---|
Flamsteed | |
---|
Variable | |
---|
HR |
- 7207
- 7250
- 7263
- 7286
- 7364
- 7384
- 7391
- 7421
- 7452
- 7472
- 7490
- 7540
- 7556
- 7573
- 7601
- 7656
- 7716
- 7760
- 7811
- 7849
- 7862
- 7895
- 7903
- 8082
- 8158
- 8190
- 8194
- 8197
- 8198
|
---|
HD | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
Galaxies | |
---|
 Category |
На других языках
[de] PSR J1921+2153
PSR J1921+2153 ist der erste entdeckte Pulsar. Er hat eine Periode von 1,337 s. Er befindet sich im Sternbild Vulpecula (Füchschen) bei Rektaszension 19h19m16s und Deklination +21°47' und ist etwa 2000 Lichtjahre vom Sonnensystem entfernt. Er wurde 1967 entdeckt.
- [en] PSR B1919+21
[ru] PSR B1919+21
PSR B1919+21 — пульсар с периодом 1,33730110168 секунды[2] и временем импульса в 0,04 секунды. Это первый открытый радиопульсар, открыт в июле 1967 года Джоселин Белл[3]. Первоначальное название СР 1919, а также PSR J1921 +2153. Объект находится в созвездии Лисички.
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии