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langs: 31 декабря [ru] / december 31 [en] / 31. dezember [de] / 31 décembre [fr] / 31 dicembre [it] / 31 de diciembre [es]

days: december 28 / december 29 / december 30 / december 31 / january 1 / january 2 / january 3

Asteroid / Asteroid


#1 79 Eurynome

Eurynome ( minor planet designation : 79 Eurynome ) is a quite large and bright main-belt asteroid composed of silicate rock. Eurynome was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 14, 1863. It was his first asteroid discovery and is named after one of the many Eurynomes in Greek mythology . It is orb

#2 57 Mnemosyne

Mnemosyne ( minor planet designation : 57 Mnemosyne ) is a large main belt asteroid . It is an S-type asteroid in composition. It was discovered by Robert Luther on 22 September 1859 from Düsseldorf . Its name was chosen by Martin Hoek , director of the Utrecht Observatory , in reference to Mnemosyn

#3 Lost minor planet

A minor planet is " lost " when today's observers cannot find it, because its location is too uncertain to target observations. This happens if the orbital elements of a minor planet are not known accurately enough, typically because the observation arc for the object is too short, or too few observ

#4 84 Klio

Klio ( minor planet designation : 84 Klio ) is a fairly large and very dark main-belt asteroid . It was discovered by R. Luther on August 25, 1865, and named after Clio , the Muse of history in Greek mythology . The name Clio had previously been suggested by the discoverer of 12 Victoria , and that

#5 583 Klotilde

Klotilde ( minor planet designation : 583 Klotilde ) is a minor planet orbiting the Sun . 583 Klotilde Discovery Discovered   by J. Palisa Discovery   site Vienna Discovery   date 31 December 1905 Designations MPC   designation (583) Klotilde Pronunciation / k l oʊ ˈ t ɪ l d iː / Alternative designa

#6 11441 Anadiego

11441 Anadiego , provisional designation 1975 YD , is a stony background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt , approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 December 1975, by Argentine astronomer Mario R. Cesco at the El Leoncito Complex in western Argentina. [2]

#7 48 Doris

Doris ( minor planet designation : 48 Doris ) is one of the largest main belt asteroids . It was discovered on 19 September 1857 by Hermann Goldschmidt from his balcony in Paris . Main-belt asteroid 48 Doris Discovery Discovered   by Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt Discovery   date 19 September 18

#8 47 Aglaja

47 Aglaja / ə ˈ ɡ l eɪ . ə / is a large, dark main belt asteroid . It was discovered by Robert Luther on 15 September 1857 from Düsseldorf . [8] The name was chosen by the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Bonn and refers to Aglaea , one of the Charites in Greek mythology . [9] It was rende

#9 91 Aegina

Aegina (from Latin Aegīna , Aegīnēta ), [4] minor planet designation 91 Aegina , is a large main-belt asteroid . It was discovered by a French astronomer Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan on 4 November 1866. It was his second and final asteroid discovery. The first was 89 Julia . The asteroid's name comes

#10 (152680) 1998 KJ9

(152680) 1998 KJ 9 is a sub-kilometer asteroid , classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group . [2] Based on absolute magnitude , it is the third largest asteroid known to have passed closer than the Moon. [5] (152680) 1998 KJ 9 Discovery [1] Discovered   by

#11 424 Gratia

Gratia ( minor planet designation : 424 Gratia ) is a large Main belt asteroid . 424 Gratia Discovery Discovered   by Auguste Charlois Discovery   date 31 December 1896 Designations MPC   designation (424) Gratia Pronunciation / ˈ ɡ r eɪ ʃ ( i ) ə / [1] Named after The Charites Alternative designati

#12 67 Asia

Asia ( minor planet designation 67 Asia ) is a large main belt asteroid . It was discovered by English astronomer N. R. Pogson on April 17, 1861, from the Madras Observatory . Pogson chose the name to refer both to Asia , a Titaness in Greek mythology , and to the continent of Asia , because the ast

#13 86 Semele

Semele ( minor planet designation : 86 Semele ) is a large and very dark main-belt asteroid with an orbital period of 5.5   years. It is rotating with a period of 16.6   hours, and varies in magnitude by 0.13 during each cycle. [4] This object is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably compo

#14 46 Hestia

Hestia ( minor planet designation : 46 Hestia ) is a large, dark main-belt asteroid . It is also the primary body of the Hestia clump , a group of asteroids with similar orbits. Main-belt asteroid 46 Hestia Discovery Discovered   by Norman Robert Pogson Discovery   date August 16, 1857 Designations

#15 (456938) 2007 YV56

(456938) 2007 YV 56 , provisional designation 2007 YV 56 , is a sub-kilometer asteroid on an eccentric orbit, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group , approximately 190–360 meters (620–1,200   ft) in diameter. It was discovered on 31 December 2007, b

#16 56 Melete

Melete ( minor planet designation : 56 Melete ) is a large and dark main belt asteroid . It is a rather unusual P-type asteroid , probably composed of organic rich silicates , carbon and anhydrous silicates, with possible internal water ice . The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.18  

#17 1208 Troilus

1208 Troilus / ˈ t r oʊ ɪ l ə s / is a large and notably inclined Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp , approximately 103 kilometers (64 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 31 December 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. [1] The unusual F-

#18 72 Feronia

72 Feronia ( minor planet designation : 72 Feronia ) is a quite large and dark main belt asteroid . It was the first asteroid discovery by C. H. F. Peters , on May 29, 1861, [6] from Hamilton College , New York State . It was initially thought that Peters had merely seen the already known asteroid 6

#19 81 Terpsichore

Terpsichore ( minor planet designation : 81 Terpsichore ) is a large and very dark main-belt asteroid . It has most probably a very primitive carbonaceous composition. It was found by the prolific comet discoverer Ernst Tempel on September 30, 1864. [4] It is named after Terpsichore , the Muse of da

#20 83 Beatrix

Beatrix ( minor planet designation : 83 Beatrix ) is a fairly large asteroid orbiting in the inner part of the main asteroid belt . It was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on April 26, 1865. It was his last asteroid discovery. A diameter of at least 68 kilometres (42   mi) was determined from the


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Book / Book


#1 The Equatorie of the Planetis

The Equatorie of the Planetis is a 14th-century scientific work which describes the construction and use of an equatorium . It was first studied in the early 1950s by Derek J. Price , and was formerly attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer . However, in 2014 it was shown to be written in the hand of the St


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Comet / Comet


#1 335P/Gibbs

335P/Gibbs is a periodic comet in the Solar System . It will next come to perihelion in August 2022. Together with 266P/Christensen , it was proposed as the source of the 1977 " Wow! Signal ". [3] 335P/Gibbs Discovery Discovered by Alex R. Gibbs Discovery date 31 December 2008 Alternative designatio

#2 209P/LINEAR

209P/LINEAR is a periodic comet discovered on 3 February 2004 by Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) using a 1.0-metre (39   in) reflector . [1] Initially it was observed without a coma and named 2004 CB as a minor planet or asteroid, but in March 2004 Robert H. McNaught observed a comet t

#3 16P/Brooks

16P/Brooks , also known as Brooks 2 , is a periodic comet discovered by William Robert Brooks on July 7, 1889, but failed to note any motion. He was able to confirm the discovery the next morning, having seen that the comet had moved north. On August 1, 1889, the famous comet hunter Edward Emerson B

#4 Comet Kohoutek

Comet Kohoutek ( formally designated C/1973 E1 and formerly as 1973 XII and 1973f ) [lower-alpha 3] is a comet that passed close to the Sun towards the end of 1973. Early predictions of the comet's peak brightness suggested that it had the potential to become one of the brightest comets of the 20th

#5 40P/Väisälä

40P/Väisälä is a periodic comet that was discovered on February 8, 1939. Its orbit was determined on April 26, 1939. [3] In 1994, the diameter of its nucleus was found to be 4.2   km, similar in size to that of Comet Encke . [2] Periodic comet with 10 year orbit 40P/Väisälä Comet 40P/Väisälä from th

#6 45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková

45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková is a short-period comet discovered by Minoru Honda December 3, 1948. [8] It is named after Minoru Honda , Antonín Mrkos , and Ľudmila Pajdušáková . The object revolves around the Sun on an elliptical orbit with a period of 5.25 years. [1] The nucleus is 1.3 kilometers in

#7 C/2021 A1 (Leonard)

C/2021 A1 (Leonard) was a long period comet [4] that was discovered by G. J. Leonard at the Mount Lemmon Observatory on 3 January 2021 (a year before perihelion ) when the comet was 5   AU (750   million   km ) from the Sun. [1] It had a retrograde orbit. The nucleus was about 1   km (0.6   mi) acro

#8 25D/Neujmin

25D/Neujmin , otherwise known as Comet Neujmin 2 , is a periodic comet in the Solar System discovered by Grigory N. Neujmin ( Simeis ) on February 24, 1916. [2] It was last observed on February 10, 1927. [3] Lost comet 25D/Neujmin Discovery Discovered by Grigory Neujmin Discovery date 24 February 19

#9 19P/Borrelly

Comet Borrelly / b ɒ ˈ r ɛ l i / or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly ) is a periodic comet , which was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on February 1, 2022 [1] [8] and will next come to perihelion on D

#10 Comet Holmes

Comet Holmes / ˈ h oʊ m z / (official designation: 17P/Holmes ) is a periodic comet in the Solar System , discovered by the British amateur astronomer Edwin Holmes on November 6, 1892. Although normally a very faint object, Holmes became notable during its October 2007 return when it temporarily bri

#11 332P/Ikeya–Murakami

332P/Ikeya–Murakami (P/2010 V1) is a short-period comet with period of approximately 5.4 years [2] first identified independently by the two Japanese amateur astronomers Kaoru Ikeya and Shigeki Murakami on November 3, 2010. [7] [8] Ikeya identified the comet using a 25-centimeter (10-inch) reflector


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Galaxy / Galaxy


#1 NGC 4033

NGC 4033 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Corvus . [1] It was discovered on 31 December 1785, by William Herschel . Elliptical galaxy NGC 4033 Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 4033 Observation data ( J2000 epoch ) Constellation Corvus Right ascension 12 h 00 m 34.74 s Declinat

#2 NGC 2419

NGC 2419 (also known as Caldwell 25 ) is a globular cluster in the constellation Lynx . It was discovered by William Herschel on December 31, 1788. [7] NGC 2419 is at a distance of about 300,000 light years from the Solar System and at the same distance from the Galactic Center . Globular cluster in

#3 Messier 81

Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy ) is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away, with a diameter of 90,000 light years, in the constellation Ursa Major . Due to its proximity to our galaxy , large size, and active galactic nucleus (which harbors a 70 million M

#4 NGC 310

NGC 310 is a star located in the constellation Cetus . It was recorded on December 31, 1866 by Robert Ball . [2] Star in the constellation Cetus NGC 310 Observation data Epoch J2000.0             Equinox J2000.0 ( ICRS ) Constellation Cetus Right ascension 00 h 56 m 48.0 s [1] Declination −01 °   45

#5 NGC 308

NGC 308 is a star located in the constellation Cetus . It is only 55" away from NGC 307 . It was recorded on December 31, 1866 by Robert Ball . [3] Star in the constellation Cetus NGC 308 NGC 308 is the brightest star below (south of) the lenticular galaxy NGC 307 Credit : SDSS Observation data Epoc

#6 Crab Nebula

The Crab Nebula (catalogue designations M 1, NGC 1952, Taurus A) is a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in the constellation of Taurus . The common name comes from William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse , who observed the object in 1842 using a 36-inch (91   cm) telescope and produced a drawing t


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Institution / Institution


#1 Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca

The Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca ( Spanish : Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca , OAM ) is an observatory just south of Costitx , Mallorca , Spain . [3] Observatory Astronomical Observatory of Mallorca Alternative   names ca Observatory   code 620   Location Costitx , Mallorca , Spain Coor

#2 Biały Słoń

Biały Słoń (English: White Elephant ; Ukrainian: Білий слон, Bily slon) is a Polish name for an abandoned campus of the former Polish Astronomical and Meteorological Observatory of Warsaw University , located at remote area on the peak of Pip Ivan in the Chornohora range of the Carpathian Mountains

#3 Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam

Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the Berlin Observatory founded in 1700 and of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of

#4 James Lick telescope

The James Lick Telescope is a refracting telescope built in 1888. It has a lens 36 inches (91   cm) in diameter—a major achievement in its day. The instrument remains in operation and public viewing is allowed on a limited basis. Also called the "Great Lick Refractor" or simply "Lick Refractor", it

#5 Junk Bond Observatory

The Junk Bond Observatory ( JBO ; code: 701 ) is located in the Sonoran Desert at Sierra Vista , Arizona, United States. Astronomical observatory in Cochise County, Arizona This article needs additional citations for verification . ( January 2013 ) Observatory Junk Bond Observatory Alternative   nam

#6 Purple Mountain Observatory

The Purple Mountain Observatory ( Chinese : 紫金山天文台 ; pinyin : Zǐjīnshān Tiānwéntái ), also known as Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory located on the Purple Mountain in the east of Nanjing . [lower-alpha 1] Observatory Purple Mountain Observatory Purple Mountain Observ

#7 MERLIN

The Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network ( MERLIN ) is an interferometer array of radio telescopes spread across England . The array is run from Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire by the University of Manchester on behalf of Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) . [1] [2] [

#8 Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope

The Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope , is the oldest continuously existing scientific institution in South Africa. [1] Founded by the British Board of Longitude in 1820, it now forms the headquarters building of the South African Astronomical Observatory . Observatory Royal Observatory, Cape of


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Meteorite / Meteorite


#1 Murrili meteorite

Murrilli (Moo-da-lee) is an ordinary chondrite of subclass type H5. [1] [3] [2] It is the third meteorite to be recovered using the Australia Desert Fireball Network (DFN) camera observatory . [1] [2] It was observed to fall on 27 November 2015 at 9:15pm local time [1] (10:43:44.50 UTC [3] ) in Sout

#2 WASP-24b

WASP-24b is a Hot Jupiter detected in the orbit of the F-type star WASP-24 . The planet is approximately the same size and mass of Jupiter, but it orbits at approximately 4% of the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun every two days. WASP-24b was observed by SuperWASP starting in 2008; after


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Researcher / Researcher


#1 Jürgen Ehlers

Jürgen Ehlers ( German: [ˈjʏʁɡŋ̩ ˈeːlɐs] ; 29 December 1929 – 20 May 2008) was a German physicist who contributed to the understanding of Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity . From graduate and postgraduate work in Pascual Jordan 's relativity research group at Hamburg University , he he

#2 Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly

Michel Ferdinand d'Albert d'Ailly (31 December 1714 – 23 September 1769), Duke of Picquigny and then Duke of Chaulnes from 1744, was a French astronomer , physicist and freemason . [1]

#3 Robert Grant Aitken

Robert Grant Aitken (December 31, 1864 – October 29, 1951) was an American astronomer . [1] American astronomer Robert Grant Aitken Robert Grant Aitken (1864-1951) Born ( 1864-12-31 ) December 31, 1864 Jackson , California Died October 29, 1951 (1951-10-29) (aged   86) Berkeley , California National

#4 Christian Gärtner

Christian Gärtner (6 May 1705 – 31 December 1782) was a German telescope maker and astronomer , noted for his observation of the 1758 return of Halley's Comet . [1] For other uses, see Gaertner and Christian Gartner (footballer) . Gärtner was born at Tolkewitz near Dresden and even as a child had a

#5 Alexander Deutsch

Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch (Aleksandr Nikolaevič Dejč; Russian : Александр Николаевич Дейч ; December 31, 1899 – 22 November 1986 [2] ) was a Soviet astronomer who worked at Pulkovo Observatory . This article needs additional citations for verification . ( May 2009 ) Asteroids discovered: 1   [1]

#6 Peter Kolbe

Peter Kolbe (also referred to as Kolb ) (10 October 1675 in Marktredwitz – 31 December 1726 in Neustadt an der Aisch ) was a German teacher, ethnologist, traveller and explorer of South Africa. For the German rower, see Peter-Michael Kolbe . Portrait of Peter Kolbe, 1727 He was sent to the Cape of G

#7 Josip Križan

Josip Križan (December 31, 1841 in Kokoriči – July 16, 1921 in Varaždin , Croatia ) was a Slovenian mathematician , physicist , philosopher and astronomer . Josip Križan. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Slovenian . (March 2008) Click [show] for imp

#8 Carol Jane Anger Rieke

Carol Jane Anger Rieke (January 17, 1908 – December 31, 1999) was an American astronomer , computational chemist , and mathematics educator. She co-authored papers with Nobel Prize laureate Robert S. Mulliken . American astronomer, computational chemist and mathematics educator Carol Jane Anger Riek

#9 Paul G. Comba

Paul G. Comba (1926 – April 5, 2017) was an Italian-American computer scientist , an amateur astronomer and a prolific discoverer of minor planets . [2] Paul G. Comba Born 1926   ( 1926 ) Tunisia Died April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04) (aged   90–91) Education Ph.D. Alma   mater University of Turin , Blufft

#10 Duncan Steel

Duncan I. Steel is a British space scientist . [1] He has discovered several minor planets and has written four popular science books. He is a member of the International Astronomical Union , which lists him as working at the Xerra Earth Observation Institute in Nelson , in the South Island of New Z

#11 Ulrika Babiaková

Ulrika Babiaková (3 April 1976 – 3 November 2002) was a Slovak astronomer and discoverer of minor planets from Banská Štiavnica , Slovakia. She is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery and co-discovery of 14 asteroids during 1998–2001. [1] [2] [3] Slovak astronomer Aleksandra Born 3

#12 Jaume Nomen

Jaume Nomen Torres (also: Jaime Nomen ; born June 23, 1960 in Tortosa , Catalonia) is a Spanish oral and maxillofacial surgeon , amateur astronomer and discoverer of numerous minor planets . He is of Catalan origin and became publicly known for the discovery of the near-Earth asteroid 2012 DA 14 (la

#13 Mulla Effendi

Mulla Abu Bakr Effendi , also Mulla Effendi (also spelled Mala Fandi ), ( Kurdish : Mele Fendî ) ( Arabic : ملا أفندي ) also Abu Bakr IV or Küçük Mulla (1863 - December 31, 1942) was a senior Kurdish-Iraqi Muslim Scholar, Islamic philosopher , scholar , astronomer , politician , and a prominent Iraq

#14 Hugh Percy Wilkins

Hugh Percy Wilkins (4 December 1896 –23 January 1960) was a Welsh -born engineer and amateur astronomer . British mechanical engineer, soldier, civil servant and astronomer He was born Hugh Percival Wilkins in Carmarthen , where he received his early education, then lived near Llanelli prior to movi

#15 Takeshi Urata

Takeshi Urata ( 浦田 武 , Urata Takeshi , 1947 – December 15, 2012) [2] was a Japanese astronomer . He was a prolific discoverer of asteroids , observing at Nihondaira Observatory . Japanese astronomer Minor planets discovered: 642   [1] see §   List of discovered minor planets In 1978 he became the fi

#16 Yoshisada Shimizu

Yoshisada Shimizu ( 清水 義定 , Shimizu Yoshisada , born 1943) is a Japanese amateur astronomer and a prolific discoverer of hundreds of asteroids since 1993. An orthopaedist by profession, he is also known as an astrophotographer . [1] [2] Japanese astronomer Minor planets discovered: 311   [1] see §  

#17 Krisztián Sárneczky

Krisztián Sárneczky (born 6 November 1974 in Budapest ) is a Hungarian teacher of geography [1] and prolific discoverer of minor planets and supernovae , researching at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary. He is a board member of the Hungarian Astronomical Association (HAA) [2] and member of th

#18 Alexander Vyssotsky

Alexander Nikolayevich Vyssotsky ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Высо́тский , 23 May 1888 – December 31, 1973) was a Russian - American astronomer . Vyssotsky was born in Moscow , Imperial Russia , and received his master's degree from Moscow State University . Alexander Vyssotsky. This article d

#19 Edward Sabine

Sir Edward Sabine KCB PRS FRSE FRAS ( / ˈ s eɪ b ɪ n / SAY -bin ; 14 October 1788 – 26 June 1883) was an Irish astronomer, geophysicist , ornithologist , explorer, soldier and the 30th president of the Royal Society . [1] [2] Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist and explorer This article ne

#20 William George Morris

Colonel Sir William George Morris KCMG , CB (12 February 1847 – 26 February 1935) [1] was a British Army officer who served with the Royal Engineers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, observing the 1882 transit of Venus and developing an expertise in geodesic surveying. He also played football as


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Science / Science


#1 Cosmic Calendar

The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe , scaling its currently understood age of 13.8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science . Method to visualize the chronology of the universe A

#2 Geologic Calendar

The Geologic Calendar is a scale in which the geological lifetime of the Earth is mapped onto a calendrical year; that is to say, the day one of the Earth took place on a geologic January 1 at precisely midnight, and today's date and time is December 31 at midnight. [1] On this calendar, the inferre


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Star / Star


#1 SN 2007uy

SN 2007uy was a supernova that occurred in the spiral galaxy NGC 2770 . It was discovered by Yoji Hirose on December 31, 2007 from Chigasaki city in Japan, [4] approximately four days after the explosion. [3] The position of the supernova was offset 20.6 ″ east and 15.5″ south of the galaxy's nucleu

#2 SN 2010lt

SN 2010lt is a supernova located in the galaxy UGC 3378 in Camelopardalis . It was discovered by amateur astronomers Kathryn Aurora Gray, her father Paul Gray, of Fredericton , New Brunswick , Canada and David J. Lane of Stillwater Lake, Nova Scotia , Canada . Upon discovery, Kathryn Aurora Gray bec


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