TOI 700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI 700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).[3][4][5]
Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI 700
TOI 700 d
Simulation of the planetary system of TOI 700 (center) and its habitable zone, with planet d orbiting inside it.
TOI 700 d orbits its star at a distance of 0.163AU (24,400,000km; 15,200,000mi) from its host star with an orbital period of roughly 37.4 days, has a mass 1.69x times that of Earth, and has a radius of around 1.19 times that of Earth. It has been estimated that the planet receives about 86% the energy that the Earth receives from the Sun.[6]
It was discovered in early January 2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
Physical characteristics
Mass, radius and temperature
TOI 700 d is Earth-sized, an exoplanet that has a radius and mass similar to the Earth. It has an estimated mass of around 1.72MEarth and a radius of about 1.12REarth.[2] If it has an earthlike atmosphere, then its average temperature would be about 268.8K (−4.3°C; 24.2°F).[1] A small chance of a runaway greenhouse effect exists.[7]
TOI 700 is a red dwarf of spectral class M that is about 40% the mass, about 40% the radius, and very roughly 50% of the temperature of the Sun.[5] The star is bright with low levels of stellar activity. Over the 11 sectors observed with TESS, the star does not show a single white-light flare. The low rotation rate is also an indicator of low stellar activity.[2]
Orbit
TOI 700 d orbits its host star every 37.4260 days.
Proposed habitability
An artist's impression of TOI 700 d, depicted here as a possible ocean planet. The actual appearance of the planet is not known.
TOI 700 d orbits in the habitable zone of its host star TOI 700. The solar wind ram pressure and intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field are expected to be similar to the Earth's, therefore retention of planetary atmosphere is likely.[8][9]
History and discovery
TOI 700 d was discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in early January 2020. This was the first Earth-sized exoplanet discovered by the TESS.[10]
Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Zieba, Sebastian; Kreidberg, Laura; Morley, Caroline V.; Kane, Stephen R.; Spencer, Alton; Quinn, Samuel N.; Eastman, Jason D.; Cloutier, Ryan; Huang, Chelsea X. (3 January 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-Sized Planet from TESS. II: Spitzer Confirms TOI-700 d". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 117. arXiv:2001.00954. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..117R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b3. S2CID209862553.
Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Hord, Benjamin J.; Kostov, Veselin B.; Lopez, Eric D.; Rowe, Jason F.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Silverstein, Michele L. (3 January 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I: Validation of the TOI-700 System". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 116. arXiv:2001.00952. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..116G. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b2. S2CID209862554.
Suissa, Gabrielle; Wolf, Eric T.; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Fauchez, Thomas; Mandell, Avi M.; Arney, Giada; Gilbert, Emily A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Lopez, Eric; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vandenburg, Andrew (1 July 2020). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. III: Climate States and Characterization Prospects for TOI-700 d". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 118. arXiv:2001.00955. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..118S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b4. S2CID209862275.
Cohen, O.; Garraffo, C.; Moschou, S.; Drake, J.; Alvarado-Gomez, J.; Glocer, A.; Fraschetti, F. (2020). "The Space Environment and Atmospheric Joule Heating of the Habitable Zone Exoplanet TOI 700 D". The Astrophysical Journal. 897 (1): 101. arXiv:2005.11587. Bibcode:2020ApJ...897..101C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9637. S2CID218869952.
Dong, Chuanfei; Jin, Meng; Lingam, Manasvi (2020). "Atmospheric Escape from TOI-700 d: Venus versus Earth Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 896 (2): L24. arXiv:2005.13190. Bibcode:2020ApJ...896L..24D. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab982f. S2CID219558481.
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