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WASP-39b, officially named Bocaprins, is a "hot Jupiter" extrasolar planet discovered in February 2011[3] by the WASP project, notable for containing a substantial amount of water in its atmosphere.[1][4][5] In addition, for the first time for any exoplanet, WASP-39b was found to contain carbon dioxide in its atmosphere.[6][7]

WASP-39b
Exoplanet WASP-39b found to contain substantial amounts of water in its atmosphere (artist's concept, not realistic because not to scale, and the unlit side should be red-hot).[1]
Discovery
Discovery siteWASP[2]
Discovery date2011[2]
Detection method
Primary transit[2]
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis
0.0486±0.0005 AU, (7.27±0.1)×106 km
Eccentricity0[2]
Orbital period (sidereal)
4.05526[2] d
Inclination87.83±0.25[2]
StarWASP-39[2]
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1.27±0.04[2] RJ, (91±3)×103 km
Mass0.28±0.03[2] MJ
Mean density
180±40 kg m−3

    WASP-39b is in the Virgo constellation, and is about 700 light-years from Earth.[1] As part of the NameExoWorlds campaigns at the 100th anniversary of the IAU, the planet was named Bocaprins, after the beach Boca Prins [de; es] in the Arikok National Park of Aruba.


    Characteristics


    Comparison of hot Jupiter exoplanets, including WASP-39b (top row; 4th from left) (artist's concept). From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.
    Comparison of "hot Jupiter" exoplanets, including WASP-39b (top row; 4th from left) (artist's concept).
    From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.

    WASP-39b has a mass of about 0.28 times that of Jupiter and a radius about 1.27 times that of Jupiter (91,000 km).[2] It is a hot gas giant planet with a high temperature of 900 °C.[6] The exoplanet orbits very close (7 million km) to WASP-39, its host star, every 4 days.[1]

    WASP-39b is also notable for having an extremely low density, near that of WASP-17b. While WASP-17b has a density of 0.13±0.06 g/cm3, WASP-39b has a slightly higher density of 0.18±0.04 g/cm3.


    Atmospheric composition


    WASP-39b's atmospheric transmission spectrum captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) reveals first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in a planet outside the solar system.[6]
    WASP-39b's atmospheric transmission spectrum captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) reveals first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in a planet outside the solar system.[6]

    Hot water molecules were found in the atmosphere of WASP-39b in a 2018 study.[1] The atmospheric transmission spectra, taken by different instruments, were inconsistent as in 2021, possibly indicating a disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry.[8]

    High-fidelity spectra obtained by JWST in 2022 did not confirm a disequilibrium chemistry. WASP-39b is the first exoplanet in which carbon dioxide has been detected.[6][9][7]


    WASP-39 (star)


    Malmok
    Observation data
    Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
    Constellation Virgo
    Right ascension 14h 29m 18.4151689656s
    Declination −03° 26′ 40.204480380″
    Apparent magnitude (V) 12.09
    Distance702 ± 2 ly
    (215.4 ± 0.7 pc)
    Other designations
    2MASS J14291840-0326403,
    Gaia DR2 3643098875168270592,
    Gaia EDR3 3643098875168270592
    Database references
    SIMBADdata

    The parent star WASP-39 is of spectral class G and is slightly smaller than our own Sun. It lies in the Virgo constellation, 698 light-years from Earth.[1] The star WASP-39 was named Malmok.[10][11]


    See also



    References


    1. Cofield, Calla; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (1 March 2018). "NASA Finds a Large Amount of Water in an Exoplanet's Atmosphere". NASA. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
    2. "Planet WASP-39 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
    3. Faedi, F.; et al. (2011), "WASP-39b: A highly inflated Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type star", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 531: A40, arXiv:1102.1375, Bibcode:2011A&A...531A..40F, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116671, S2CID 45385573
    4. Wakeford, H.R.; Sing, D.K.; Deming, D.; et al. (21 December 2017). "The Complete Transmission Spectrum of WASP-39b with a Precise Water Constraint". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 29. arXiv:1711.10529. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9e4e. S2CID 3685618.
    5. "NASA finds a large amount of water in an exoplanet's atmosphere". Phys.org. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
    6. Adkins, Jamie (25 August 2022). "NASA's Webb Detects Carbon Dioxide in Exoplanet Atmosphere". NASA. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
    7. Overbye, Dennis (26 August 2022). "Webb Telescope Sees a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere Way Out There - WASP-39b, a distant world with a mass equivalent to Saturn's, is the first exoplanet known to harbor the gas". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
    8. Kawashima, Yui; Min, Michiel (2021), "Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to 16 exoplanet transmission spectra", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 656: A90, arXiv:2110.13443, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141548, S2CID 239885551
    9. The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team; et al. (2022), Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere, arXiv:2208.11692
    10. "Approved names". NameExoworlds. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
    11. "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Retrieved 2 January 2020.


    Media related to WASP-39b at Wikimedia Commons



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