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S62 is a star in the cluster surrounding Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way. S62 orbits Sgr A* faster than any other star known as of August 2019. With an orbital period of only 9.9 years, it beats by a substantial margin the previous record holder, the star S55, which circles Sgr A* in 12.8 years.[3]

S62
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Sagittarius
Right ascension 17h 45m 40.036s[1]
Declination −29° 00′ 28.17″[1]
Characteristics
Astrometry
Orbit[2]
PrimarySgr A*
CompanionS62
Period (P)9.9 yr
Semi-major axis (a)740.1 au
Eccentricity (e)0.976
Inclination (i)72.76°
Longitude of the node (Ω)122.61°
Periastron epoch (T)2003.33
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		42.62°
Details
Mass6.1[2] M☉
Other designations
Database references
SIMBADdata

In addition, S62 has a highly eccentric orbit which makes it pass very close to Sgr A*, only 16 astronomical units (2.4×109 km), less than the distance between Uranus and the Sun. The star therefore passes only about 215 times the Schwarzschild radius of Sgr A* (the Schwarzschild radius of Sgr A* is approximately 0.082 AU, or 12 million km). It is closer to Sgr A* than the previous record, around 45 AU (6.7 billion km, 550 Schwarzschild radii) held by the star S175, and much closer than the better-studied S2 (118 AU, 18 billion km, 1,440 Schwarzschild radii).[3]

S62 passes so close to Sgr A* that its orbit has a very large precession: its orbit shifts by about 10° with each revolution. At closest approach its velocity is about 0.10c (10% of the speed of light) relative to Sgr A*. S62's next approach to Sgr A* is towards the end of 2022.[3]

The discovery of S62 improved the bounds on the mass distribution in the center of the galactic center, showing that (4.15±0.6)×106 M☉ are concentrated within 16 AU of the center, fully consistent with Sgr A* being a supermassive black hole.[3]


References


  1. "Sgr A*". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  2. Peißker, Florian; Eckart, Andreas; Zajaček, Michal; Ali, Basel; Parsa, Marzieh (2020). "S62 and S4711: Indications of a Population of Faint Fast-moving Stars inside the S2 Orbit. S4711 on a 7.6 yr Orbit around Sgr A*". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (1): 50. arXiv:2008.04764. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899...50P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9c1c. S2CID 221095771.
  3. Peissker, Florian; Eckart, Andreas; Parsa, Marzieh (January 2020). "S62 on a 9.9 year orbit around SgrA*". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (1): 61. arXiv:2002.02341. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889...61P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5afd. S2CID 211043784.

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S62 — звезда в созвездии Стрельца. Находится в скоплении, окружающем сверхмассивную чёрную дыру Стрелец А* (Sgr A*) в центре Млечного Пути.


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