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The Rosette Nebula (also known as Caldwell 49) is an H II region located near one end of a giant molecular cloud in the Monoceros region of the Milky Way Galaxy. The open cluster NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50) is closely associated with the nebulosity, the stars of the cluster having been formed from the nebula's matter.

Rosette Nebula
Emission nebula
H II region
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension06h 33m 45s[1]
Declination+04° 59′ 54″[1]
Distance5,200[2] ly   (1,600 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)9.0
Apparent dimensions (V)1.3 °
ConstellationMonoceros
Physical characteristics
Radius65 ly
Notable featuresMultipart nebula
DesignationsSH 2-275,[1] CTB 21,[1] Caldwell 49
See also: Lists of nebulae

The nebula has been noted to be having a shape reminiscent of a human skull, and is sometimes referred to as the "Skull Nebula." It is not to be confused with NGC 246, which is also nicknamed the "Skull Nebula."[3][4]


Description


The complex has the following New General Catalogue (NGC) designations:

The cluster and nebula lie at a distance of 5,000 light-years from Earth[5] and measure roughly 130 light years in diameter. The radiation from the young stars excites the atoms in the nebula, causing them to emit radiation themselves producing the emission nebula we see. The mass of the nebula is estimated to be around 10,000 solar masses.

Chandra X-ray image overlaying an optical image reveals hundreds of young stars (red points inside the boxes)
Chandra X-ray image overlaying an optical image reveals hundreds of young stars (red points inside the boxes)

A survey of the nebula with the Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed the presence of numerous new-born stars inside optical Rosette Nebula and studded within a dense molecular cloud. Altogether, approximately 2500 young stars lie in this star-forming complex, including the massive O-type stars HD 46223 and HD 46150, which are primarily responsible for blowing the ionized bubble.[6][7] Most of the ongoing star-formation activity is occurring in the dense molecular cloud to the south east of the bubble.[8]

A diffuse X-ray glow is also seen between the stars in the bubble, which has been attributed to a super-hot plasma with temperatures ranging from 1 to 10 million K.[9] This is significantly hotter than the 10,000 K plasmas seen in HII regions, and is likely attributed to the shock-heated winds from the massive O-type stars.

On April 16, 2019 the Oklahoma Legislature passed HB1292 making the Rosette Nebula as the official state astronomical object. Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed it into law April 22, 2019.[10]


See also



References


  1. "NGC 2237". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-10-23.
  2. Phelps, Randy L.; Ybarra, Jason E. (2005). "A Parsec-Scale Outflow in the Rosette Molecular Cloud?". The Astrophysical Journal. 627 (2): 845–849. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627..845P. doi:10.1086/430431.
  3. https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/14/world/rosette-nebula-heart/index.html
  4. https://astrobackyard.com/caldwell-49-rosette-nebula/
  5. 'Cambridge Deep Sky Companions - The Caldwell Objects' , S.J. O'Meara & P. Moore, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-82796-5 (2002)
  6. Kuhn, M. A.; et al. (2015). "The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations". Astrophysical Journal. 802 (1): 60. arXiv:1501.05300. Bibcode:2015ApJ...802...60K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/60.
  7. Wang, J.; et al. (2008). "A CHANDRA STUDY OF THE ROSETTE STAR-FORMING COMPLEX. I. THE STELLAR POPULATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE YOUNG OPEN CLUSTER NGC 2244". Astrophysical Journal. 675 (1): 464–490. arXiv:0711.2024. Bibcode:2008ApJ...675..464W. doi:10.1086/526406.
  8. Ybarra, J. E.; et al. (2013). "THE PROGRESSION OF STAR FORMATION IN THE ROSETTE MOLECULAR CLOUD". Astrophysical Journal. 769 (2): 140. arXiv:1303.1226. Bibcode:2013ApJ...769..140Y. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/140.
  9. Townsley, L. K.; et al. (2003). "10 MK Gas in M17 and the Rosette Nebula: X-Ray Flows in Galactic H II Regions". Astrophysical Journal. 593 (2): 874–905. arXiv:astro-ph/0305133. Bibcode:2003ApJ...593..874T. doi:10.1086/376692.
  10. "Bill Information". www.oklegislature.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-17.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosette Nebula.

На других языках

[de] Rosettennebel

Der Rosettennebel ist ein diffuser Emissionsnebel mit eingebettetem offenen Sternhaufen im Sternbild Einhorn. Der Nebel hat eine Größe von 80.0' × 60.0' und eine scheinbare Helligkeit von 6,0 mag. Heute bezeichnen die NGC-Objekte NGC 2237 (Beobachtung von Lewis A. Swift von 1865)[2], NGC 2238 (Beobachtung von Albert Marth vom 28. Februar 1864)[3], NGC 2239 (Beobachtung von John Herschel vom März 1830)[4] und NGC 2246 (Beobachtung von Lewis A. Swift vom 27. Februar 1886)[5] verschiedene Teile des Nebels. Historisch bezeichneten die vier Nummern etwas andere Sternanhäufungen und Nebel in diesem Bereich.
- [en] Rosette Nebula

[es] Nebulosa Roseta

La nebulosa Roseta es una región H II grande y circular, ubicada en el borde de una gigantesca nube molecular en la constelación del Unicornio Monoceros, situada en la banda de la Vía Láctea. El cúmulo abierto NGC 2244 (Caldwell 50) está estrechamente asociado con la nebulosa, en virtud de que las estrellas del cúmulo se han formado de la materia de la misma.

[ru] Туманность Розетка

Туманность Розетка (англ. Rosette nebula, NGC 2237, другое обозначение — Туманность Розочка) — гигантская эмиссионная туманность, расположенная вблизи одного из больших молекулярных облаков в созвездии Единорог галактики Млечный Путь. Является областью ионизированного водорода, где происходят процессы звездообразования.


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