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The Trifid Nebula (catalogued as Messier 20 or M20 and as NGC 6514) is an H II region in the north-west of Sagittarius in a star-forming region in the Milky Way's Scutum-Centaurus Arm.[3] It was discovered by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764.[4] Its name means 'three-lobe'. The object is an unusual combination of an open cluster of stars, an emission nebula (the relatively dense, reddish-pink portion), a reflection nebula (the mainly NNE blue portion), and a dark nebula (the apparent 'gaps' in the former that cause the trifurcated appearance, also designated Barnard 85). Viewed through a small telescope, the Trifid Nebula is a bright and peculiar object, and is thus a perennial favorite of amateur astronomers.[5]

Trifid Nebula
Emission nebula
H II region
reflection nebula and dark nebula
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension18h 02m 23s[1]
Declination−23° 01′ 48″[1]
Distance4100±200[2] ly   (1,260±70 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)+6.3[1]
Apparent dimensions (V)28 arcmins
ConstellationSagittarius
Physical characteristics
Radius21 ly
Notable featuresa
DesignationsM20, NGC 6514,[1] Sharpless 30, RCW 147, Gum 76
See also: Lists of nebulae

The most massive star that has formed in this region is HD 164492A, an O7.5III star with a mass more than 20 times the mass of the Sun.[6] This star is surrounded by a cluster of approximately 3100 young stars.[7]


Characteristics


The Trifid Nebula was the subject of an investigation by astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope in 1997, using filters that isolate emission from hydrogen atoms, ionized sulfur atoms, and doubly ionized oxygen atoms. The images were combined into a false-color composite picture to suggest how the nebula might look to the eye.

The close-up images show a dense cloud of dust and gas, which is a stellar nursery full of embryonic stars. This cloud is about 8 ly away from the nebula's central star. A stellar jet protrudes from the head of the cloud and is about 0.75 ly long. The jet's source is a young stellar object deep within the cloud. Jets are the exhaust gasses of star formation and radiation from the nebula's central star makes the jet glow.

The images also showed a finger-like stalk to the right of the jet. It points from the head of the dense cloud directly toward the star that powers the Trifid nebula. This stalk is a prominent example of evaporating gaseous globules, or 'EGGs'. The stalk has survived because its tip is a knot of gas that is dense enough to resist being eaten away by the powerful radiation from the star.

In January 2005, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope discovered 30 embryonic stars and 120 newborn stars not seen in visible light images.

It is centered about 4100 ly from Earth. Its apparent magnitude is 6.3.


Details and features




See also



References


  1. "NGC 6514". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  2. Kuhn, Michael A.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Sills, Alison; Feigelson, Eric D.; Getman, Konstantin V. (2018). "Kinematics in Young Star Clusters and Associations with Gaia DR2". The Astrophysical Journal. 870 (1): 32. arXiv:1807.02115. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c.
  3. Cambrésy, L.; et al. (2011). "Variation of the extinction law in the Trifid nebula". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 527: A141. arXiv:1101.1089. Bibcode:2011A&A...527A.141C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015863.
  4. Messier 20
  5. "Science Daily". Science Daily article on Trifid Nebula. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  6. Rho, J.; et al. (2004). "Chandra Observation of the Trifid Nebula: X-Ray Emission from the O Star Complex and Actively Forming Pre-Main-Sequence Stars". Astrophysical Journal. 607 (2): 904–912. arXiv:astro-ph/0401377. Bibcode:2004ApJ...607..904R. doi:10.1086/383081.
  7. Kuhn, M. A.; et al. (2015). "The Spatial Structure of Young Stellar Clusters. II. Total Young Stellar Populations". Astrophysical Journal. 802 (1): 60. arXiv:1501.05300. Bibcode:2015ApJ...802...60K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/60.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trifid Nebula.


На других языках

[de] Trifidnebel

Der Trifidnebel (auch als Messier 20 oder NGC 6514 bezeichnet) ist ein Emissions- und Reflexionsnebel im Sternbild Schütze. Der Name entstammt dem lateinischen Wort trifidus „dreigeteilt, dreigespalten“, da eine dunkle Staubwolke (Barnard 85) den Nebel dreiteilt.
- [en] Trifid Nebula

[es] Nebulosa Trífida

La nebulosa Trífida[1] (también conocida como Messier 20 y NGC 6514) es una región H II en la constelación de Sagitario. Fue catalogada por primera vez en 1764 por el astrónomo francés Charles Messier. El nombre "Trífida", fue acuñado por el astrónomo John Herschel, y significa "dividido en tres lóbulos", dado que su característica más sobresaliente es el aspecto de tres lóbulos brillantes, separados por oscuras líneas de polvo. La nebulosa Trífida, que es una nebulosa tanto de emisión como de reflexión, y de absorción al mismo tiempo, tiene un brillo aparente de +6.3 magnitudes. En el centro de la nebulosa Trífida se encuentra el cúmulo abierto Collinder 360 (C1759-230), cuya estrella más brillante es HD164492A, una estrella gigante azul de tipo espectral O. Mediante precisas mediciones de paralaje trigonométrico, el satélite Gaia determinó que la distancia promedio entre la Tierra y las estrellas del cúmulo es de 4120 años luz con un error relativo del 6%.[2]

[ru] Тройная туманность

Тройная туманность (M 20, NGC 6514, Трёхраздельная туманность, англ. Trifid Nebula) — трёхдольная диффузная туманность в созвездии Стрельца. Название туманности предложено Уильямом Гершелем и означает «разделённая на три лепестка».


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