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Messier 85 (also known as M85 or NGC 4382 or PGC 40515 or ISD 0135852) is a lenticular galaxy, or elliptical galaxy for other authors,[4] in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is 60 million light-years away, and it is estimated to be 125,000 light-years across.

Messier 85
Galaxy Messier 85 by Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension12h 25m 24.0s[1]
Declination+18° 11′ 28″[1]
Redshift729 ± 2 km/s[1]
Distance60 ± 4 Mly (18.5 ± 1.2 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)9.1[3]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)0+ pec[1]/E2[4]
Apparent size (V)7′.1 × 5′.5[1]
Other designations
NGC 4382, UGC 7508, PGC 40515[1]

It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. It is within the outskirts of the Virgo cluster, and is relatively isolated.[5]


Properties


M85 is extremely poor in neutral hydrogen[6] and has a very complex outer structure with shells and ripples that are thought to have been caused by a merger with another galaxy that took place between 4 and 7 billion years ago,[6] as well as a relatively young (<3 billion years old) stellar population on its centermost region, some of it in a ring, that may have been created by a late starburst.[7] Like other massive, early-type galaxies, it has different populations of globular clusters. Aside from the typical "red" and "blue" populations, there is also a population with intermediate colors and an even redder population.[5] It is likely transitioning from being a lenticular galaxy into an elliptical galaxy.[5]

While indirect methods imply that Messier 85 should contain a central supermassive black hole of around 100 million solar masses,[8] velocity dispersion observations imply that the galaxy may entirely lack a central massive black hole.[9]

The type I supernova, 1960R was discovered in M85 on December 20, 1960 and reached an apparent magnitude of 11.7 (its effect in the telescope-resolvable sky to outshine most red dwarves a million times closer).

This galaxy has also been the host of the first luminous red nova identified as such, M85 OT2006-1. It was discovered on January 7 of 2006 and took place on the outskirts of this galaxy.[10]

On 25th June 2020, the ATLAS telescope in Hawaii spotted a type Ia supernova 2020nlb in M85, which reached a peak magnitude of 15.7. [11] [12] [13]

M85 is interacting with the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4394, and a small elliptical galaxy called MCG 3-32-38.[14]

Compared to other early-type galaxies, M85 emits a relatively smaller proportion of X-rays.[5]

Location of M85
Location of M85

See also



References


  1. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Messier 85. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  2. J. L. Tonry; A.Dressler; J. P. Blakeslee; E. A. Ajhar; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv:astro-ph/0011223. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301. S2CID 17628238.
  3. "Messier 85". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  4. Kormendy, John; Fisher, David B.; Cornell, Mark E.; Bender, Ralf (2009). "Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 182 (1): 216–309. arXiv:0810.1681. Bibcode:2009ApJS..182..216K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/216. S2CID 119273143.
  5. Escudero, Carlos G.; Cortesi, Arianna; Faifer, Favio R.; Sesto, Leandro A.; Smith Castelli, Analía V.; Johnston, Evelyn J.; Reynaldi, Victoria; Chies-Santos, Ana L.; Salinas, Ricardo; Menéndez-Delmestre, Karín; Gonçalves, Thiago S.; Grossi, Marco; Mendes De Oliveira, Claudia (2022). "The complex globular cluster system of the S0 galaxy NGC 4382 in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511: 393–412. arXiv:2201.01759. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.511..393E. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac021.
  6. Hibbard, J. E.; Sansom, A. E. (2003). "A Search for H I in Five Elliptical Galaxies with Fine Structure". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (2): 667–683. arXiv:astro-ph/0211003. Bibcode:2003AJ....125..667H. doi:10.1086/345822. S2CID 14748737.
  7. Fisher, David; Franx, Marijn; Illingworth, Garth (1996). "Line Strengths and Line-Strength Gradients in S0 Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 459 (1): 110. Bibcode:1996ApJ...459..110F. doi:10.1086/176873.
  8. Kormendy, John; Bender, Ralf (2009). "Correlations between Supermassive Black Holes, Velocity Dispersions, and Mass Deficits in Elliptical Galaxies with Cores". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 691 (2): L142–L146. arXiv:0901.3778. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691L.142K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142. S2CID 18919128.
  9. Gultekin, Kayhan; Richstone, Douglas O.; et al. (2011). "Is There a Black Hole in NGC 4382?". Astrophysical Journal. 741 (1): L142–L146. arXiv:1108.1808. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...38G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/1/38. S2CID 411264.
  10. Kulkarni, S. R.; Ofek, E. O.; Rau, A.; Cenko, S. B.; et al. (2007). "An unusually brilliant transient in the galaxy M85". Nature. 447 (7143): 458–460. arXiv:0705.3668. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..458K. doi:10.1038/nature05822. PMID 17522679. S2CID 4300285.
  11. "AstroNote 2020-126". ATLAS20qoq (AT2020nlb): discovery of a candidate SN in MESSIER 85 (17 Mpc). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  12. "Messier 85". SEDS: Galaxy M85. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  13. "SN 2020nlb". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  14. "M85, Lenticular Galaxy". Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters. Retrieved 2009-03-29.



На других языках

[de] Messier 85

Messier 85 (auch als NGC 4382 bezeichnet) ist eine +9,1 mag helle Galaxie mit einer Flächenausdehnung von 7,1' × 5,5' im Sternbild Haar der Berenike. Messier 85 wurde am 4. März 1781 von dem französischen Astronomen Pierre Méchain entdeckt.[3]
- [en] Messier 85

[es] Galaxia lenticular M85

Messier 85 (también conocido como M85 o NGC 4382) es una galaxia lenticular, aunque estudios muy recientes muestran que en realidad puede ser una galaxia elíptica,[2] en la constelación Coma Berenices. Fue descubierta por Pierre Méchain en 1781. Es el extremo más al norte del cúmulo de Virgo descubierto hasta 2004[cita requerida].

[ru] M 85 (галактика)

Messier 85 (англ. M 85, NGC 4382, рус. Мессье 85, другие обозначения — UGC 7508, MCG 3-32-29, KCPG 334A, ZWG 99.45, VCC 798, PGC 40515) — галактика в созвездии Волосы Вероники. Была открыта Пьером Мешеном в 1781 году. Расположена на расстоянии 60 миллионов световых лет[4]. Диаметр галактики по оценкам составляет 125 000 световых лет.


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