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CEERS-93316 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 16.7, corresponding to 235.8 million years[7][8][9] after the Big Bang.[10] If confirmed, it is one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed.[1][3][4][11]

CEERS-93316
CEERS-93316[1]
Location of the CEERS-93316 galaxy is in the upper just right-of-center area of the Boötes constellation.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationBoötes[1][2]
Right ascension14h 19m 39.48s[1]
Declination52° 56′ 34.92″[1]
Redshift16.74+0.17
−0.31[1][3][4]
Distance
  • ≈34.684 billion ly (10.634 billion pc)
       (present proper distance)[5][6][7]
  • ≈13.5512 billion ly (4.1548 billion pc)
       (light-travel distance)[7]

CEERS-93316 would have a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.5512 billion years, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 34.684 billion light-years.[5][6][7]


Discovery


The candidate high-redshift galaxy CEERS-93316 (RA:14:19:39.48 DEC:+52:56:34.92), in the Boötes constellation,[1][2] was discovered by the CEERS imaging observing program using the Near Infrared Camera of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in July 2022.[1][3][4][11] CEERS stands for "Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey", and is a deep- and wide-field sky survey program developed specifically for JWST image studies, and is conducted by the CEERS Collaboration.[4][11][12]

According to astronomer Dr. Rebecca Bowler, a co-author of the discovery study, “Finding a z = 16.7 galaxy candidate is an amazing feeling – it wasn’t something we were expecting from the early data ... After the Big Bang the Universe entered a period known as the dark ages, a time before any stars had been born ... The observations of [CEERS-93316] push observations back to the time when we think the first galaxies ever to exist were being formed. Already we’ve found more galaxies in the very early Universe than computer simulations predicted, so there is clearly a lot of open questions about how and when the first stars and galaxies formed.”[4]

Astronomers hypothesize that the first stars arose from clouds of collapsing gas around 100 million years after the Big Bang, and mostly contained lighter elements, like hydrogen and helium.[12] Later, these primordial early stars exploded in supernovae to create heavier elements, like oxygen, lead and gold.[11]


Distance


Only a photometric redshift has been determined for CEERS-93316; follow-up spectroscopic measurements will be required to confirm the redshift (see spectroscopic redshift). Spectroscopy could also determine the chemical composition, size and temperature of the galaxy.[11][12]

The discovery of a galaxy at such a distance is absolutely exceptional, beating the record set in April 2022 by the HD1 object.[13] Recent observations by James-Webb and other telescopes have been able to pick up very distant galaxies, such as HD1, GLASS-z13 and GN-z11 and many others. The presence of so many distant galaxies contradicts the models of the evolution of the universe after the Big Bang and, moreover, why its distant galaxies are so distributed in the celestial vault.

Its existence in the early universe indicates that it is composed primarily of dust as well as stars, most likely population III, which are very young and massive. It is also in the star formation phase.[1]

Earliest galaxy candidate (at z=16.7) and the History of the Universe (logarithmic scale; 7 August 2022)[13][Compare: Nature timeline - History of the Universe (linear scale)]
Earliest galaxy candidate (at z=16.7) and the History of the Universe (logarithmic scale; 7 August 2022)[13]
[Compare: Nature timeline - History of the Universe (linear scale)]

See also



References


  1. Donnan, C. T.; McLeod, D. J.; Dunlop, J. S.; McLure, R. J.; Carnall, A. C.; Begley, R.; Cullen, F.; Hamadouche, M. L.; Bowler, R. A. A.; McCracken, H. J.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Moneti, A.; Targett, T. (2022). "The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ~ 8-15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging". arXiv:2207.12356 [astro-ph.GA].
  2. Staff (2008). "Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates". DJM.cc. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  3. Amos, Jonathan (26 July 2022). "Scottish astronomers push James Webb deeper back in time". BBC News. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  4. Tognetti, Laurence (2 August 2022). "The record for the farthest galaxy was just broken again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang". Universe Today. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  5. Irving, Michael (3 August 2022). "James Webb keeps breaking records for most distant galaxies ever seen". New Atlas. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  6. Staff (2 August 2022). "James Webb Space Telescope helps identify most distant galaxy known". News Nine. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  7. Kempner, Joshua (2022). "KEMPNER Cosmology Calculator". Kempner.net. Retrieved 6 August 2022. KEMP Cosmology Calculator - Set H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters")
  8. Staff (1 August 2022). "Edinburgh astronomers find most distant galaxy - Early data from a new space telescope has enabled Edinburgh astronomers to locate the most distant galaxy ever found". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  9. Starr, Michelle (5 August 2022). "Astronomers Say They've Found The Most Distant Galaxy Ever Observed". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  10. Planck Collaboration (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 641. page A6 (see PDF page 15, Table 2: "Age/Gyr", last column). arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614.
  11. Turner, Ben (1 August 2022). "Webb space telescope has just imaged another most-distant galaxy, breaking its record after a week". Live Science. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  12. Clery, Daniel (9 August 2022). "Webb telescope reveals unpredicted bounty of bright galaxies in early universe - Star formation after the big bang appears much faster than models had forecast". Science. doi:10.1126/science.ade3381. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  13. Lira, Nicolás; Iono, Daisuke; Oliver, Amy c.; Ferreira, Bárbara (7 August 2022). "Astronomers Detect Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Yet - Updated by Dr. Dennis Bogdan". Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Retrieved 7 August 2022.



На других языках

[de] CEERS-93316

CEERS-93316 ist ein astronomisches Objekt mit einer Rotverschiebung von z = 16,7, das im Juli 2022 mit der NIRCam des James-Webb-Weltraumteleskops im Rahmen des Beobachtungsprogramms Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS) entdeckt wurde. Es wird vermutet, dass es sich um eine Galaxie handelt. In diesem Fall wäre sie derzeit eine der ältesten jemals entdeckten Galaxien im beobachtbaren Universum und wäre nur rund 250 Millionen Jahre nach dem Urknall entstanden.[1]
- [en] CEERS-93316

[ru] CEERS-93316

CEERS-93316 — кандидат в удалённые галактики, обнаруженный космическим телескопом «Джеймс Уэбб» в июле 2022 года. На момент обнаружения галактика стала самой удалённой от Земли и одной из самых ранних из известных науке галактик (она возникла спустя 250 млн лет после Большого взрыва). Её красное смещение (.mw-parser-output .ts-math{white-space:nowrap;font-family:times,serif,palatino linotype,new athena unicode,athena,gentium,code2000;font-size:120%}z) составляет 16,7[2][4][5][3]. Процесс звёздообразования начался в галактике в промежутке между 120 и 220 млн лет после Большого взрыва (z = 18—26)[2].


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