CGCG 99-27, KCPG 332B, MCG 3-32-9, PGC 39974, UGC 7418, VCC 497[1]
It is classified as a Seyfert galaxy and as a LINER galaxy.[3][8] It also has a prominent, extended dust lane.[9][10]
Physical characteristics
The disk of NGC 4302 contains extraplanar dust that is organized into filamentary structures and large dust complexes. The apparent bending of many of the large complexes toward the north of the galaxy appears to be due to an interaction with the intracluster medium caused by the motion of NGC 4302 as it falls into the Virgo Cluster.
The dense, dusty matter in the disk of NGC 4302 appears to be largely tracing matter ejected from the disk by energetic feedback from massive stars.[11]
First detected by Pildis et al.,[12] NGC 4302 has a faint but prominent layer of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (DIG) that extends out to a galactocentric radius of ~13,000ly (4kpc) and a height of ~6,500ly (2kpc) above the plane of the galaxy.[9][10][11][13][14]
The DIG appears to have been ionized by photoionization by OB stars.[13]
Box/Peanut Bulge
The presence of a boxy/peanut bulge in NGC 4302[15] suggests that the galaxy contains a thickened bar that is viewed edge-on.[16]
HI Disk
The HI disk of NGC 4302 is truncated to within the optical disk to the south of the galaxy.[16][17][18][19][20] This truncation appears to be the result of ram pressure.[16][17][19]
Tidal Bridge
Kantharia et al. and Zschaechner et al. both independently detected a tidal bridge between NGC 4302 and NGC 4298. The bridge is the result of a tidal interaction between the two galaxies.[2][21][22]
NGC 4302 & NGC 4298 (HST)
HI tail
First identified by Chung et al., NGC 4302 has a ~52,000ly (16kpc)[17] tail of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI)[2][11][16][17][18][20][23] that extends to the north of the galaxy.[16][17] The tail appears to be a result of ram pressure[2][11][16][17][23] or by a tidal interaction with NGC 4298.[18][23] However, NGC 4302 appears relatively undisturbed favoring the cause of the tail to be due to ram pressure.[23]
The HI tail is pointed away from M87 which suggests that NGC 4302 is falling into the center of the Virgo Cluster on a highly radial orbit.[16][17]
SN 1986E
NGC 4302 has hosted one supernova,[24] a Type IIL supernova designated as SN 1986E.[25][26] The supernova was discovered by G. Candeo at the Asiago Observatory on April 13, 1986, with an apparent magnitude of 14.5.[25][26]
Zschaechner, Laura K.; Rand, Richard J.; Walterbos, Rene (2015-01-01). "Investigating Disk-halo Flows and Accretion: A Kinematic and Morphological Analysis of Extraplanar H I in NGC 3044 and NGC 4302". The Astrophysical Journal. 799 (1): 61. arXiv:1411.2593. Bibcode:2015ApJ...799...61Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/61. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID119118897.
Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (September 1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II - A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo Cluster area. V - Luminosity functions of Virgo Cluster galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 90: 1681. Bibcode:1985AJ.....90.1681B. doi:10.1086/113874. ISSN0004-6256.
Decarli, R.; Gavazzi, G.; Arosio, I.; Cortese, L.; Boselli, A.; Bonfanti, C.; Colpi, M. (2007-10-01). "The census of nuclear activity of late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (1): 136–150. arXiv:0707.0999. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..136D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12208.x. ISSN0035-8711. S2CID14937210.
Rand, Richard J. (1996-05-01). "Diffuse Ionized Gas in Nine Edge-on Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 462: 712. Bibcode:1996ApJ...462..712R. doi:10.1086/177184. ISSN0004-637X.
Rossa, J.; Dettmar, R.-J. (2000-07-01). "Extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in a small sample of nearby edge-on galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 359: 433–446. arXiv:astro-ph/0006301. Bibcode:2000A&A...359..433R. ISSN0004-6361.
Rueff, Katherine M.; Howk, J. Christopher; Pitterle, Marissa; Hirschauer, Alec S.; Fox, Andrew J.; Savage, Blair D. (2013-03-01). "The Relationship between the Dense Neutral and Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Thick Disks of Two Edge-on Spiral Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (3): 62. arXiv:1301.0325. Bibcode:2013AJ....145...62R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/3/62. ISSN0004-6256. S2CID119277886.
Pildis, Rachel A.; Bregman, Joel N.; Schombert, James M. (1994-05-01). "Extraplanar emission-line gas in edge-on galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 427: 160–164. Bibcode:1994ApJ...427..160P. doi:10.1086/174129. ISSN0004-637X.
Miller, Scott T.; Veilleux, Sylvain (2003-07-20). "Extraplanar Emission-Line Gas in Edge-On Spiral Galaxies. II. Optical Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (1): 79–110. arXiv:astro-ph/0304471. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592...79M. doi:10.1086/375620. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID119447457.
Heald, George H.; Rand, Richard J.; Benjamin, Robert A.; Bershady, Matthew A. (2007-07-10). "Integral Field Unit Observations of NGC 4302: Kinematics of the Diffuse Ionized Gas Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 663 (2): 933–947. arXiv:astro-ph/0604588. Bibcode:2007ApJ...663..933H. doi:10.1086/518087. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID14295363.
Dettmar, R.-J.; Ferrara, A. (1996). "NIR Imaging of the Box/Peanut Bulge in NGC 4302". New Light on Galaxy Evolution. 171: 362. Bibcode:1996IAUS..171..362D. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0229-9_74. ISBN978-0-7923-3976-2.
Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Vollmer, Bernd (2007-04-20). "Virgo Galaxies with Long One-Sided HI Tails". The Astrophysical Journal. 659 (2): L115–L119. arXiv:astro-ph/0703338. Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L.115C. doi:10.1086/518034. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID13021118.
Cappellaro, E.; della Valle, M.; Iijima, T.; Turatto, M. (1990-02-01). "Supernovae 1986 E, 1987 D, 1987 F - Photometric and spectroscopic observations". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 228: 61–68. Bibcode:1990A&A...228...61C. ISSN0004-6361.
Montes, Marcos J.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Weiler, Kurt W.; Sramek, Richard A.; Panagia, Nino (1997-06-01). "Radio Detection of SN 1986E in NGC 4302". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 482 (1): L61–L64. arXiv:astro-ph/9703200. Bibcode:1997ApJ...482L..61M. doi:10.1086/310694. ISSN0004-637X. S2CID119392320.
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