astro.wikisort.org - ResearcherAbu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr al-Khojandi[1] (known as Abu Mahmood Khojandi, Alkhujandi or al-Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940 - 1000) was a Muslim Transoxanian astronomer and mathematician born in Khujand (now part of Tajikistan) who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray (near today's Tehran), in Iran.
Medieval Persian astronomer
Astronomy
Khojandi worked under the patronage of the Buwayhid Amirs at the observatory near Ray, Iran, where he is known to have constructed the first huge mural sextant in 994 AD, intended to determine the Earth's axial tilt ("obliquity of the ecliptic") to high precision.
He determined the axial tilt to be 23°32'19" for the year 994 AD. He noted that measurements by earlier astronomers had found higher values (Indians: 24°; Ptolemy 23° 51') and thus discovered that the axial tilt is not constant but is in fact (currently) decreasing. His measurement of the axial tilt was however about 2 minutes too small, probably due to his heavy instrument settling over the course of the observations.[2][3]
Mathematics
Khojandi stated a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem for n = 3, but his attempted proof of the theorem was incorrect. The spherical law of sines may have also been discovered by Khujandi, but it is uncertain whether he discovered it first, or whether Abu Nasr Mansur, Abul Wafa or Nasir al-Din al-Tusi discovered it first.[4][5]
Notes
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews
- Al-Khujandī, Abū Maḥmūd Ḥāmid Ibn Al-Khiḍr, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews
- Also the 'sine law' (of geometry and trigonometry, applicable to spherical trigonometry) is attributed, among others, to Alkhujandi. (The three others are Abul Wafa Bozjani, Nasiruddin Tusi and Abu Nasr Mansur). Razvi, Syed Abbas Hasan (1991) A history of science, technology, and culture in Central Asia, Volume 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, page 358, OCLC 26317600
- Bijli suggests that three mathematicians are in contention for the honor, Alkhujandi, Abdul-Wafa and Mansur, leaving out Nasiruddin Tusi. Bijli, Shah Muhammad and Delli, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i (2004) Early Muslims and their contribution to science: ninth to fourteenth century Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, Delhi, India, page 44, OCLC 66527483
References
External links
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world |
---|
Astronomers |
---|
| 8th | |
---|
9th | |
---|
10th | |
---|
11th | |
---|
12th | |
---|
13th | |
---|
14th | |
---|
15th | |
---|
16th | |
---|
17th | |
---|
|
|
Topics |
---|
Works |
- Arabic star names
- Islamic calendar
- Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
- Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
- Tabula Rogeriana
- The Book of Healing
- The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
| Zij | |
---|
|
---|
Instruments |
- Alidade
- Analog computer
- Aperture
- Armillary sphere
- Astrolabe
- Astronomical clock
- Celestial globe
- Compass
- Compass rose
- Dioptra
- Equatorial ring
- Equatorium
- Globe
- Graph paper
- Magnifying glass
- Mural instrument
- Navigational astrolabe
- Nebula
- Octant
- Planisphere
- Quadrant
- Sextant
- Shadow square
- Sundial
- Schema for horizontal sundials
- Triquetrum
|
---|
Concepts |
- Almucantar
- Apogee
- Astrology
- Astrophysics
- Axial tilt
- Azimuth
- Celestial mechanics
- Celestial spheres
- Circular orbit
- Deferent and epicycle
- Earth's rotation
- Eccentricity
- Ecliptic
- Elliptic orbit
- Equant
- Galaxy
- Geocentrism
- Gravitational energy
- Gravity
- Heliocentrism
- Inertia
- Islamic cosmology
- Moonlight
- Multiverse
- Muwaqqit
- Obliquity
- Parallax
- Precession
- Qibla
- Salah times
- Specific gravity
- Spherical Earth
- Sublunary sphere
- Sunlight
- Supernova
- Temporal finitism
- Trepidation
- Triangulation
- Tusi couple
- Universe
|
---|
Institutions |
- Al-Azhar University
- House of Knowledge
- House of Wisdom
- University of al-Qarawiyyin
- Observatories
|
---|
Influences |
- Babylonian astronomy
- Egyptian astronomy
- Hellenistic astronomy
- Indian astronomy
|
---|
Influenced |
- Byzantine science
- Chinese astronomy
- Medieval European science
- Indian astronomy
|
---|
|
|
Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world |
---|
Mathematicians | 9th century | |
---|
10th century | |
---|
11th century | |
---|
12th century | |
---|
13th century | |
---|
14th century | |
---|
15th century | |
---|
16th century | |
---|
| |
---|
Mathematical works |
- The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing
- De Gradibus
- Principles of Hindu Reckoning
- Book of Optics
- The Book of Healing
- Almanac
- Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
- Toledan Tables
- Tabula Rogeriana
- Zij
|
---|
Concepts |
- Alhazen's problem
- Islamic geometric patterns
|
---|
Centers | |
---|
Influences |
- Babylonian mathematics
- Greek mathematics
- Indian mathematics
|
---|
Influenced |
- Byzantine mathematics
- European mathematics
- Indian mathematics
|
---|
Related |
- Hindu–Arabic numeral system
- Arabic numerals (Eastern Arabic numerals, Western Arabic numerals)
- Trigonometric functions
- History of trigonometry
- History of algebra
|
---|
People of Khorasan |
---|
Scientists | |
---|
Philosophers | |
---|
Islamic scholars |
- Abu Dawud al-Sijistani
- Abu Barakat Nasafi
- Abu Hanifa
- Abu Hafs Nasafi
- Abu Layth Samarqandi
- Abu Mu'in Nasafi
- Abu Qasim Samarqandi
- Ansari
- Baghavi
- Bayhaqi
- Bazdawi
- Bukhari
- Dabusi
- Fatima Samarqandi
- Ghazali
- Ghaznawi
- Hakim Tirmidhi
- Hakim Nishapuri
- Ibn Hibban
- Ibn Mubarak
- Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi
- Juwayni
- Kasani
- Kashifi
- Lamishi
- Marghinani
- Maturidi
- Mulla al-Qari
- Muqatil
- Muslim
- Nasa'i
- Qushayri
- Razi
- Sabuni
- Sajawandi
- Sarakhsi
- Shaykh Tusi
- Taftazani
- Tha'labi Nishapuri
- Tirmidhi
- Zamakhshari
|
---|
Poets and artists | |
---|
Historians and political figures | |
---|
Authority control  |
---|
General | |
---|
National libraries | |
---|
Other | |
---|
На других языках
[de] Abu Mahmud al-Chudschandi
Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Chidr al-Chudschandi (arabisch أبو محمود حميد بن الخضر الخجندي, DMG Abū Maḥmūd Ḥamīd bin al-Ḫiḍr al-Ḫuǧandī, auch Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi; * um 940 in Chudschand (heute Tadschikistan); † um 1000), auch Chodschandi, war ein persischer Astronom und Mathematiker.
- [en] Abu-Mahmud Khojandi
[es] Abu Mahmud Joyandí
Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Jidr Joyandí[1] (Juyand, 940-1000) fue un astrónomo y matemático persa que vivió a finales del siglo X. Colaboró en la construcción de un observatorio en la ciudad de Ray (cerca de la actual Teherán), en Irán.
Nació en Juyand (Tayikistán, por entonces parte del emirato samaní y a continuación del qarajaní). En un parque de esa localidad se puede ver un busto de bronce de este científico.
[fr] Al-Khujandi
Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi est un astronome perse du Xe siècle né aux alentours de 940 et mort en 1000. Il aida à construire un observatoire à Ray, près de Téhéran, en Iran.
[ru] Абу Махмуд аль-Худжанди
Абу́ Махму́д Хами́д ибн аль-Хизр аль-Худжанди́ (перс. ابو محمود حميد بن الخضر خجندي; ок. 940 — ок. 1000) — среднеазиатский[1][2] (персидский[3]) математик и астроном, уроженец Худжанда (совр. Таджикистан), работал в Рее. Как и многие другие известные средневековые персоны (Ибн Сина, Омар Хайям, Фирдоуси), в советское время аль-Худжанди был признан таджикским учёным[4][5].
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии