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Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah Habash Hasib Marwazi (766 - d. after 869 in Samarra, Iraq[1] ) was a north-eastern Iranian[2][3][4] astronomer,[5] geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan who for the first time described the trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent.

He flourished in Baghdad, and died a centenarian after 869. He worked under the Abbasid caliphs al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim.


Work


He made observations from 100 to 2035, and compiled three astronomical tables: the first were still in the Hindu manner; the second, called the 'tested" tables, were the most important; they are likely identical with the "Ma'munic" or "Arabic" tables and may be a collective work of al-Ma'mun's astronomers; the third, called tables of the Shah, were smaller.

Apropos of the solar eclipse of 829, Habash gives us the first instance of a determination of time by an altitude (in this case, of the sun); a method which was generally adopted by Muslim astronomers.

In 830, he seems to have introduced the notion of "shadow", umbra (versa), equivalent to our tangent in trigonometry, and he compiled a table of such shadows which seems to be the earliest of its kind. He also introduced the cotangent, and produced the first tables of for it.[6][7]


The Book of Bodies and Distances


Al-Hasib conducted various observations at the Al-Shammisiyyah observatory in Baghdad and estimated a number of geographic and astronomical values. He compiled his results in The Book of Bodies and Distances, in which some of his results included the following:[8]

Earth
Moon
Sun

See also



Notes


  1. Charette 2007.
  2. General Cartography Archived 2017-12-09 at the Wayback Machine : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"
  3.  : "Additionally in the ninth century, the Persian mathematician and geographer, Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi, utilized the utilization circular trigonometry and guide projection strategies keeping in mind the end goal to change over polar directions to an alternate arrange framework fixated on a particular point on the circle, in this the Qibla, the course to Mecca. Abū Rayhān Bīrūnī (973– 1048) later created thoughts which are viewed as a reckoning of the polar organize framework."
  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-07. Retrieved 2013-09-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Islamic Desk Reference, ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.
  6. "trigonometry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  7. Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in Selin, Helaine; D'Ambrosio, Ubiratàn, eds. (2000), Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-western Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 1-4020-0260-2
  8. Langermann, Y. Tzvi (1985), "The Book of Bodies and Distances of Habash al-Hasib", Centaurus, 28 (2): 108–128 [111], Bibcode:1985Cent...28..108T, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1985.tb00831.x

References





На других языках

[de] Habasch al-Hasib al-Marwazi

Habasch al-Hasib al-Marwazi (arabisch حبش الحاسب المروزي, DMG Ḥabaš al-Ḥāsib al-Marwazī, eigentlich Ahmad ibn Abdallah al-Marwazi / أحمد بن عبد الله المروزي / Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Marwazī) (* in Merw wahrscheinlich vor 796; † nach 869 wahrscheinlich in Samarra), war ein persischer Mathematiker, Astronom und Geograph.
- [en] Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi

[ru] Хабаш аль-Хасиб

Абу Джафар Ахма́д ибн Абдулла́х аль-Марвази́ (араб. أحمد المروزي‎), известный также под именем Хаба́ш аль-Ха́сиб (араб. حبش الحاسب‎; Мерв, ок. 770 — Багдад, ок. 870) — одна из самых важных и интересных фигур в ранней исламской астрономии и математики.


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